Natural Order Hypothesis Acquisition/Learning Hypothesis Monitor Hypothesis Input Hypothesis Affective Filter Hypothesis Krashen’s Five Hypotheses

ELL Iceberg BICS CALP

“My own bias…is to avoid use of the terms conscious and unconscious in second language theory. I believe that these terms are too laden with surplus meaning and too difficult to define empirically to be useful theoretically. Hence, my critique of Krashen’s distinction between learning and acquisition-a distinction that assumes that it is possible to differentiate what is conscious from what is unconscious.” McLaughlin, 1990 McLaughlin’s Attention-Processing Model

Controlled: New skill, capacity limited Automatic: well-trained, practiced skill Capacity is relatively unlimited FOCAL Intentional attention Grammatical explanation of a specific point Word definition First stages of “memorizing” a dialog Keeping an eye out for something Advanced L2 learner focuses on modals, clause formation, etc. Monitoring oneself while talking or writing Scanning Editing PERIPHERAL Incidental attention Simple greetings The later stages of “memorizing” a dialog TPR New L2 learner successfully completes a brief conversation Open-ended group work Rapid reading, skimming Free writes Normal conversational exchanges of some length Attention Processing Model