Committee 140 Life Cycle Performance & Cost Paul Tourney - Chair Peter DeNicola “You Call It Sustainability, We Call It Concrete Repair”

Committee Life Cycle Performance & Cost MISSION Provide industry guidance for decisions based on both the service extension and economic impact of concrete repairs. GOALS Develop technical guideline on managing the serviceability of concrete structures through a “cradle to grave” approach using preventative maintenance systems and quality concrete repairs.

Current Membership: Committee Life Cycle Performance & Cost Paul Tourney Pete DiNicola Dale Campbell Jason Dunster Kevin Earley Eric Edelson Greg Gilmor Fred Goodwin Joshua Hollis Graeme Jones Richard McGuire Mike Parker Chris Perego Matt Sherman Consulting Members: Frank Apicella James McDonald Jessi Meyer

Expanded Objectives: Use excellent work efforts of other ICRI committees. Develop tools for owners and engineers to promote and justify better concrete repairs. – Decision Tree on “Cradle to Grave” of structures and the maintenance options. – Guidelines for use of the decision tree system. – Provide a series of project case studies for demonstration of SLP / LCCA for optimal management of concrete structure assets. Liaison with ACI and ISO Committees to build consensus. Committee Life Cycle Performance & Cost

Importance of Concrete Repair Sustainability Type of Structure #New #Existing Grade Highway Bridges 1, ,000+ C Highway Roads X 100X D- Parking Garages ,000+ C Dams 10 4,000 D

Importance of Concrete Repair Sustainability Type of Structure #New #Existing Grade Highway Bridges 1, ,000+ C Highway Roads X 100X D- Parking Garages ,000+ C Dams 10 4,000 D # 1 Build new structures to last longer! # 2 Maintain and repair existing structures to significantly extend the time to subsequent repair. The backlog numbers are against us!!

Balance of Asset Management of Existing Structures: Periodic Evaluations Life Cycle Cost Repair Service Life

TIME LINES of LCCA Activity Time Line Service Life Predictions Cost Time Line

New Structure “Birth Certificates” Building Code Existing Structure All Documents Routine Maintenance Inspections Preventative Maintenance Due Diligence Routine Condition Assessment Visual Contamination Corrosion Cracking Degradation Service Life Expectation Threshold damage Safety, Code, ADA Planned Maintenance (Repeat) Inspection (Repeat) Repair, Restoration Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Reuse Salvage Historic Preservation Alternate Use $ SLM Maintenance Plan Quality Control / Assurance Death Demolition Abatement Disposal Service Life Expectation Repair TIME LINES of LCCA

Life Cycle Costing Net Present Value (NPV) NPV = Today Cost /(1 + Effective Interest Rate (i)) **(years from today) What is the $$$ needed to put away today to take care of facility for the expected service life? Related to the opportunity cost. General rules. – Dollars spent in the future is lower cost than dollars spent today. Higher the interest rate the greater the premise. – Dollars NOT spent today will result in high Life Cycle Costs.

Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) NPV = [$X/ (1+i) T1 + $Y/ (1+i) T2 + $Z/ (1+i) T3 ] $X $Y $Z T1 T2 T3 Discount Rate = i

NPV Life = [$U/ (1+i) T1 + $V/ (1+i) T2 + $W/ (1+i) T3 ] + …. $V T1 Discount Rate = i Today $W$X$Y$Z$U T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 New NPV Today = [$U + $V/ (1+i) T3-T2 + $W/ (1+i) T4-T3 ] + …. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)

End of Serviceability Repairs New Construction Chloride Contamination Period Corrosion Initiation Corrosion Damage I X TIME Damage Repaired Damage Case 1 Ref. Tuutti

End of Serviceability Repairs New Construction Chloride Contamination Period Corrosion Initiation Corrosion Damage I X TIME Damage Repaired Damage Current Cost Ref. Tuutti Cost Case 1

Ref. Tuutti Cost I X TIME Damage Today New T NPV Life = NPV Today = End of Serviceability i = 7.5% Case 1

I End of Serviceability Repairs New Construction Chloride Contamination Period Corrosion Initiation Corrosion Damage Repaired Damage X TIME Damage Case 2 Ref. Tuutti

Cost I End of Serviceability Repairs New Construction Chloride Contamination Period Corrosion Initiation Corrosion Damage Repaired Damage X TIME Damage Current Cost Case 2

Ref. Tuutti Cost I End of Serviceability X TIME Damage Today New T NPV Life = NPV Today = 0.70 i = 7.5% Case 2

P End of Serviceability Repair New Construction Chloride Contamination Period Corrosion Initiation Corrosion Damage X TIME Damage I P Preventative Maintenance Case 3 Ref. Tuutti

Cost P End of Serviceability Repair New Construction Chloride Contamination Period Corrosion Initiation Corrosion Damage X TIME Damage I P Preventative Maintenance Current Cost Case 3

Ref. Tuutti Cost P End of Serviceability TIME Damage I P Preventative Maintenance Today New T NPV Life = [Case 1 = 0.168] [Case 3 = 0.115] NPV Today = [Case 1 = 1.024] [Case 3 = 0.70] i = 7.5% 0.1 Case 3

Life Cycle Cost Comparison

New Structure “Birth Certificates” Building Code Existing Structure All Documents Routine Maintenance Inspections Preventative Maintenance Due Diligence Routine Condition Assessment Visual Contamination Corrosion Cracking Degradation Service Life Expectation Threshold damage Safety, Code, ADA Planned Maintenance (Repeat) Inspection (Repeat) Repair, Restoration Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Reuse Salvage Historic Preservation Alternate Use $ SLM Maintenance Plan Quality Control / Assurance Death Demolition Abatement Disposal Service Life Expectation Repair TIME LINES of Service Life