Jason Wich, Luis Sandoval, Gabriel pareja Bipolar-II Disorder Jason Wich, Luis Sandoval, Gabriel pareja

Symptoms Alternating states of mania and depression Difference between Bipolar I and II

Diagnosis Diagnosed the same way as Bipolar I disorder The line between the two is not clear cut

Prevalence DSM IV says .5% of population have specifically Bipolar II Research has found it to be around 5% Underdiagnosed in many areas

Causes It is unknown what causes any forms of bipolar disorder There are some links to genetic causes, however the cause is not clearly defined (Phelps 2007) Environmental factors have a strong influence on the onset of the disorder Cognitive processes similar to those expressed in unipolar depressed patients has been seen frequently in bipolar individuals (Alloy et. al. 2005)

Cultural Factors Across all cultures, individuals with bipolar disorder had similar symptoms and additional mental health problems High-income countries have higher rates of the disorder than low-income countries Collectivist cultures see lower rates of the disorder (Gardner 2011)

Gender Variations Age of onset of bipolar II disorder for females is lower than that of males and were more likely to have mixed depressive episodes No noticeable differences on the hypomanic side of the disorder, however differences are more noticeable on the depressive side (Benazzi 2006)

Treatment Approaches Therapeutic treatments of bipolar II differ from bipolar I Psychoeducation has been shown to have success in treating bipolar II Family-focused therapy also has been shown to be effective (Phelps 2001) Medicines known as “mood-stabilisers”, lithium and valproate most common

Etiology and Therapy Social support has been seen to be a trigger for the onset of bipolar disorder, showing that increased positive feedback from family/friends can help treat the disorder

Walker-Tessner Model Family Interaction Biological: Bipolar 2 Disorder Genes Fluctuating Levels of Neurotransmitters

Citations Alloy, L., Abramson, L., Urosevic, S., Walshaw, P., Nusslok, R., & Neeren, A. (2005). The psychosocial context of bipolar disorder: Environmental, cognitive, and developmental risk factors.Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 1043-1075. Angst, Jules. (1998). The emerging epidemiology of hypomania and bipolar II disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 50,2, 143-151. Benazzi, F. (2006). Gender differences in bipolar–II disorder. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience,256(2), 67-71. Gardner, A. (2011, March 7). U.S. has highest bipolar rate in 11-nation study.CNN Health. Retrieved March 2, 2014, from http://www.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/03/07/US.highest.bipolar.rates Judd, L. et. Al. "A Prospective Investigation of the Natural History of the Long-term Weekly Symptomatic Status of Bipolar II Disorder FREE." JAMA Network. JAMA, n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2014. <http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=207252#METHODS>. Phelps, J. (n.d.). 300 pages on complex mood and anxiety problems. Bipolar II, Mood Swings without Mania; Brain Tours; Stress andDepression; Hormones and Mood; and more.... Retrieved March 2, 2014, from http://www.psycheducation.org/