Understanding Population Trends and Processes: Links between internal migration, commuting and within household relationships Oliver Duke-Williams School of Geography, University of Leeds ESRC Grant No: RES

Migration and commuting  Migration and commuting are important agents of change  Migration behaviour varies with The number of persons who move together The number of persons who move together The presence (or not) of existing residents in the destination household The presence (or not) of existing residents in the destination household Relationships between migrants and existing residents Relationships between migrants and existing residents

Migration and commuting  Migration affects patterns of commuting Change in location of employment Change in location of employment Change in journey to work Change in journey to work  Trade-offs between migration and commuting Long distance weekly commuting Long distance weekly commuting Dual career households Dual career households

Aims  Investigate trends and processes related to characteristics of individuals and groups of migrants  Investigate interactions between migration and commuting behaviour  Investigate how relationships between and within groups of migrants and residents explain mobility patterns

Data sources  2001 Census  Longitudinal Study  Labour Force Survey  British Household Panel Survey

Objectives  Classifying moving group types

Moving groups  A new innovation in the 2001 Census Allows separate groups within the household to be identified Allows separate groups within the household to be identified Previous Censuses had only ‘migrants’ and ‘wholly moving households’ Previous Censuses had only ‘migrants’ and ‘wholly moving households’

Moving groups in the UK  About 3.5million groups identified  These contained 5.8million migrants  Group size distribution is different for wholly moving and other groups Group size (persons) Wholly moving hholds Other groups Total1.71m1.83m 142.2%84.5% 229.3%9.7% %5.7% Source: 2001 Census: Special Migration Statistics Level 1; Table MG106

Classifying group types Size of moving group Size of household Single person Two+ persons Single person Two+ persons

Classifying group types Size of moving group Size of household Single person Two+ persons Single person Two+ persons n/a

Classifying group types Size of moving group Size of household Single person Two+ persons Single person ‘Lone’ migrant Two+ persons n/a

Classifying group types Size of moving group Size of household Single person Two+ persons Single person ‘Lone’ migrant Migrant into existing household Two+ persons n/a

Classifying group types Size of moving group Size of household Single person Two+ persons Single person ‘Lone’ migrant Migrant into existing household Two+ persons n/a Partly or Wholly moving household

Objectives  Classifying moving group types  Describe spatial patterns of internal migration in UK by various groups

Spatial patterns of migration  How do preferred destinations vary for groups of different sizes?  Is there a difference in the distances travelled?

Objectives  Classifying moving group types  Describe spatial patterns of internal migration in UK by various groups  Describe spatial patterns of commuting behaviour by household composition

Spatial commuting patterns  Using the Census, explore patterns at an aggregate scale By family status By family status By living arrangements By living arrangements  Using the Labour Force Survey, explore patterns for individuals at national scale

Objectives  Classifying moving group types  Describe spatial patterns of internal migration in UK by various groups  Describe spatial patterns of commuting behaviour by household composition  Relate spatial behaviour to relationships within household

Relationship matrix  Allows a partial grid to be constructed  Remainder is derived  Information for 6 th and subsequent persons is limited Source: 2001 Census form H1. ONS

Relationship matrix  Allows wider range of family types to be identified Extended families Extended families Multi-generational families Multi-generational families  Allows easier identification of hidden families

Relating spatial behaviour and household relationships  Use records from Longitudinal Study  Explore patterns for a sample of individual households How well do aggregate patterns reflect range of individual patterns? How well do aggregate patterns reflect range of individual patterns? Analysis likely to be at national level Analysis likely to be at national level  Explore long-term stability of moving groups

Objectives  Classifying moving group types  Describe spatial patterns of internal migration in UK by various groups  Describe spatial patterns of commuting behaviour by household composition  Relate spatial behaviour to relationships within household  Link migration patterns to commuting behaviour

Linking migration and commuting patterns  Use BHPS to study motivations for migration and impact on households Changes in material circumstance Changes in material circumstance Changes in household composition Changes in household composition  Use LFS to study Changes in commuting behaviour Changes in commuting behaviour Find comparator households to those in LS Find comparator households to those in LS

Oliver Duke-Williams Links between internal migration, commuting and within household relationships