Dr. Tarek El Sewedy Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences

By the end of this lecture, students will learn: Basic common roots, suffix and abbreviation guidelines Intended Learning Outcomes

Lecture content Common roots used In Medical Terminology Common Suffixes used in Medical terminology. Singular and plural medical terms Pronunciation guidelines

Basic root words Adipfat Arteriartery Arthrjoint Cardiheart Cephal head Cerebrbrain Crani skull

Basic root words Chole gallbladder Col large intestine Cytcell Derm skin Ren, nephr kidneys Enter small intestine

Basic root words Gastr stomach Ophthalm, oculeye Or, stomat mouth Ostebone Hem blood

Basic root words My muscle Nasnose Ot ear Pancreat pancreas Hepat liver

Basic root words pneumon lung Splenspleen Thorac chest Trachetrachea Ven vein Vertebr vertebra Vivlife

Suffixes Suffixes are word elements that are attached to the end of roots to add to or change their meaning All medical terms have a suffix

Suffixes Each suffix can be added to many roots itis = inflammation appendicitis = inflamed appendix arthritis = inflamed joint

Suffixes A combining vowel is used between the root and the suffix when the suffix begins with a consonant: Example: cardi + o + megaly = cardiomegaly cardiomegaly = enlarged heart cardi = heart, megaly = enlarged

Common suffixes Pertaining to (Belonging to): -ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -eal, -iac, -ic, -ical, -ose, -ous, -tic Examples: Cardiac (pertaining to the heart) Cellular (pertaining to the cell) Psychotic (pertaining to psychosis) Corporeal (pertaining to the body)

Common suffixes -algia pain -cide to kill, destroy -ectomy removal of -gram record

Common suffixes -graph Instrument used to record -graphy process of recording -ism condition -itis inflammation of -lithiasis presence of or formation of stones

Common suffixes -logy study of -logistperson who studies it -megaly enlargement -oid resembling -oma tumor -pathy disease -plasty surgical repair

Common suffixes -plegia paralysis -pnea breathing, respiration -rrhea flow -scope examination, instrument -scopy examination using a scope

Singular and plural Because many medical terms come from Greek and Latin words, the plural forms of the words are not made by adding an “s” as in English Memorize the guidelines When in doubt, memorize the specific words

If the word ends in Change it to Examples: singular, plural -a-aevertebra, vertebrae -ex or -ix-icesindex, indices -is-esdiagnosis, diagnoses -itis-idesarthritis, arthritides -on-aganglion, ganglia -um-aovum, ova -us-ialveolus, alveoli Changing singular to plural

Pronunciation guidelines The “soft” pronunciation of the consonant is used when followed by e, i or y “c” sounds like “s” cell, circulation, cyst “g” sounds like “j” when followed by e, i or y genetic, gingivitis, gestation “ch” sounds like “k” chronic, chromium, psychologist

Pronunciation guidelines When a word ends in “i” it is pronounced like “eye” as in bacilli “x” is pronounced “z” as in xenophobic

Pronunciation guidelines When “P” is at the beginning of words followed by a consonant: “ph” is pronounced “f” as in pharmacy “pn” is pronounced “n” (silent “p”) as in pneumonia, pneumococcus “ps” is pronounced “s” (silent “p”) as in psychotic, psychosocial psychologist

Assignments Any student with no assignment yet is requested to prepare a presentation (minimum of 5 slides) on any the following topics: 1.Gastrointestinal system terminology (including disease) 2.Circulatory system terminology (including disease) 3.Cancer terminology

Study questions - Write the suffix and the meaning for the following words hat means “condition of” in each of the following words: 1. egotism (exaggerated self-importance) 2. dysentery (intestinal disorder) 3. insomnia (inability to sleep) 4. parasitism (infection with parasites or behaving as a parasite) 5. thrombosis (having a blood clot in a vessel) 6. psoriasis (skin disease) 7. analgesia (absence of pain) 8. sclerosis (hardening)

Reference books 1 – Medical Terminology an illustrated Guide by Barbara Jonson Cohen – “Medical Terminology Simplified” F. A David – “Medical Terminology system : Approach Fifth Edition” Barbara A Gylys 2004