Endocrine System Chapter 11

Combining Forms for the Endocrine System aden/oadenoma adren/oadrenotrophic adrenal/oadrenalopathy andr/oandrogenous

Combining Forms for the Endocrine System crin/oendocrine dips/opolydipsia

Combining Forms for the Endocrine System gluc/oglucogenic glucos/oglucose glyc/ohyperglycemia glycos/oglycosuria

Combining Forms for the Endocrine System hormon/ohormonal ket/oketogenic keton/oketonuria

Combining Forms for the Endocrine System pancreat/opancreatitis thym/othymoma thyr/othyrotoxic

Endocrine System

Functions of the Endocrine Glands

(continued)

Endocrine System Overview  Network of ductless glands and other structures  Glands secrete hormones which affect function of targeted organs

Endocrine System Overview  adrenal glands  located next to each kidney  adrenal cortex (outer part of the gland)  secretes steroid hormones which regulate carbohydrate metabolism and salt and water balance  adrenal medulla (inner portion of the gland)  secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine (fight or flight (responses) (continued)

Endocrine System Overview  steroid hormones  regulate carbohydrate metabolism and salt and water balance (continued)

Endocrine System Overview  ovaries  located one on each side of the uterus  secretes  estrogen — Responsible for development of female secondary sex characteristics and regulation of reproduction  Progesterone--hormone of pregnancy

Endocrine System Overview  pancreas (islets of Langerhans)  located behind the stomach  functions to secrete insulin (in presence of bl. glucose) and glucagon (in the absence of bl. glucose)  parathyroid glands  located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland in the neck  functions to secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)  Responsible for maintaining Calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood.

Endocrine System Overview  pineal gland  Located in the center of the brain  Secretes melatonin (sleep/wake cycles) and serotonin

Endocrine System Overview  pituitary gland  Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)  Located at the base of the brain  Secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, growth hormone and prolactin  posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)  Releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism

Endocrine System Overview  testes  located one on each side within the scrotum in the male  functions to secrete testosterone  thymus gland  located in the mediastinal cavity anterior to and above the heart  functions to secrete thymosin

Endocrine System Overview  thyroid gland  located in the front of the neck  secretes triiodothyronine, thyroxine and calcitonin