Restelo Secondary School 2009/2010 Handball

Tradition of Handball in Portugal At the end of the last century, in 1890, gym teacher Konrad Kech created a game with characteristics very similar to today’s handball. In Czechoslovakia they practised a very popular game very similar to handball, "azen“, name by which the sport is still known in that country. Long before handball was introduced in Portugal, there was a very similar game in Oporto, known as "malheiral”, named after its creator, the physical education teacher Porfírio Malheiro. In Portugal, handball eleven was first practised in the city of Oporto, where it was introduced in late 1929 by the German sportsman Armando Tshopp. The first official presentation of a game of handball was held on 31 January 1931, in Oporto, and later that year the Handball Association of Lisbon was formed, followed in 1932 by the Handball Association of Oporto. The seven handball was introduced in Portugal in 1949 by another German, Henrique Feist, residing in our country. The first official tournament of the new variant was organized by Feist in the village of Cascais, in the summer of The growing popularity of handball seven, both in our country and internationally, led to the gradual extinction of the handball team of eleven.

The Game Handball is a collective sport, played by two teams, each with seven players : a goalie (goal keeper) and six players. Normally there are seven players in the bench, so there are fourteen players in total. The aim of the game is to get the ball inside the opponent’s goal to score, and prevent the other team from scoring, or avoid your opponent from getting hold of the ball. The game is controlled by the referee team: 2 referees, a court referee and a goal line referee, plus; 2 referees, a court referee and a goal line referee, plus; 1 secretary records each team’s replacements, goals, and other occurrences during the game, and notes everything down on the game’s bulletin; 1 secretary records each team’s replacements, goals, and other occurrences during the game, and notes everything down on the game’s bulletin; 1 time keeper who controls the time of the game, the break times (fouls, substitutions, etc.) and the times of players’ expulsion.

Basic Rules Times 2 halves of 30 minutes each, with a 10 minute break (half-time). Teams change benches at half-time Each team is allowed a time-out per half (or should an injury occur) Other times Players have 3 seconds to put the ball back into the game. Overtime – 2 periods of 5 minutes each Overtime – 2 periods of 5 minutes eachBall You can touch the ball with every part of your body, except your feet. You can only hold the ball for 5 seconds. You can only take 3 steps with the ball.

The Playing Court metre line (limit line of area where no player, except the goalie, can stand in. First defensive line, aka goal area) Secretary Time keeper Central line (midfield line where you restart the game after: a goal is scored, beginning of the the first and second halves) metre line (line where the free throws are marked) metre line (line pointing how far the goal keeper can go to defend the 7 metres free throws) Goal line metre line (line where the team’s defense is organized and where the fouls suffered in the 6 and 9 metres area are marked) 9. Replacement 9. Replacement area (the first one leaving the court is the player to be replaced) Side line Goal area

Behaviour with the opponents Use your arms and hands to get the ball. A player is allowed to take the ball out of the hand of an opponent with the hand. It’s strictly forbidden to do so by grabbing or punching the ball. It doesn’t matter your position in relation to the opponent when you’re getting the ball or blocking him. Goal area Only the goalkeeper can stay inside the goal perimeter. If any opponent enters this area, he is punished with a foul. Lateral throw Anytime the ball passes entirely the side line, it will result in a lateral throw. It has to be taken with a foot on the side line and the other one outside it. You can choose to pass to a teammate (including the goalkeeper) or you can try to score. Corner throw When the ball passes the line, being the last player to touch the ball a player from the defending team, the referee marks a corner throw. The throw is done, also with one foot in and the other outside the line, on the intersection point between the final and the side line. If the last player touching the ball is the goal keeper (of the defending team), a corner throw will not be marked. Game Rules

Free throw The referee marks a free throw for an irregular switch between players, any irregular throw, irregular dribbling of the ball, incorrect behaviour towards an opponent or anti- sportsmanship. The player takes the foul on the place where it has been committed. If the foul was committed between the six and the nine metre lines, it is taken on the nine metre line. 7-Metre Throw If a serious foul is committed upon any opponent, this throw is marked by the referee. It is also marked if any foul is committed during a clear goal situation. The player who makes this throw must do it with at least one foot on the ground.Positions Goalkeeper (the only player allowed to move freely inside the goal perimeter and he can touch the ball with any part of the body within the zone) 6 Field players – two wingers (located at both sides of the court), a circle runner (he gets in among the opponent defenders), two backs (located between the centre and the wingers) and a centre (located in the middle of the defensive area).

Punishments Yellow card (warning) Gives the player a warning (total of three to a team) used for some fouls; if other players complain or when the player doesn’t leave the ball in the exact place where the foul was committed (as ordered by the referee). Blue card (2 minutes out) The player that is given a blue card must stay out of the game for two minutes, with no right of any replacement. This punishment happens if the player commits any violent foul. Red card (expulsion) When a player is given a red card, he must leave the court and he cannot go back in – he is not allowed to play anymore. A player may receive a red card directly for particularly rough penalties.

Characteristics of handball The team that scores a goal may ‘follow’ the ball (from the mid-court), even if there is any member of the other team in the opposing mid-court. Only the team that suffered a goal has to be all behind the mid-court line. Handball can be played by bumping against your opponent but only by using the torso (moderately intense physical contact is allowed), otherwise it is considered a foul(e.g. the use of legs and arms).

Scoring Scoring Victory3 Points Tie2 Points Defeat1 Point Failure to show up for the game 0 Points

What follows are some basic actions and others that provide technical superiority of major importance during a game of handball: Passing the ball Using one or both hands, either with both feet on the floor or ‘airborne’ Shoulder or wrist pass Different ball trajectories: ‘diving’, straight line or archingDribble Moving with the ball, continuously dribbling the ball Fingers spread-out, wrist permanently flexed and extended Ball dribbled only on either side of the body, never ahead of it Can be used to move forward or to keep the ball in possession of the team Technical and Tactical Actions

Speed-throw Pull your ‘shooting’ arm to the back of your head Advance the opposite leg to your shooting arm Rotate your trunk and throw the ball.Jump-throw Can be made after a short run with dribble - only 3 steps allowed, the last one includes the jump ‘Call’ with the foot opposite the ‘throwing’ arm Jump and raise the knee from the same side of the throwing arm Throw when you’re high enough and land.Hip-throw Pull your arm back as far as your hip. Shoot at your hip’s height. Crossing the ball While an attacking player goes behind the team player holding the ball, this same player passes him the ball in order to create a diversion in the defense. Tactical and Technical Actions

Interception The act of getting the ball back, by intercepting a pass from the opposing team.Disarmament To take the ball from an opponent while he is dribbling, without committing any fouls.‘Sliding’ Defensive act in which the defender follows the attacking opponent in his offensive attempts in order to keep him from scoring. Blocking Exchange Blocking exchange is a defensive act in which the defending players swap between the offensive players they are blocking.Block Defensive act in which defending players raise their arms in order to try to keep the ball from entering the defensive area. Tactical and Technical Actions

The players’ court positions and organisation models are some of the most important things when it comes to winning a handball match. Here are some of the most commonly used defensive and offensive models. Tactical Structures Defensive Models

Tactical Models Offensive Models