Objectives Identify materials and construction features of doors Identify materials and construction features of windows Identify materials and construction features of roofs Identify materials and construction features of vertical barriers

Objectives Identify and safely carry at least one of the following : – Cutting tool – Prying tool – Pulling tool – Striking tool

Objectives Identify the procedures to use in forcing/opening the following – Doors – Windows – Ceilings – Roofs – Floors – Vertical barriers

Objectives Identify the materials door/window locking devices are constructed of Identify the construction features of door/window locking devices Identify the procedures of through-the- lock- entry for doors and windows Identify the methods and procedures for cleaning/marinating/inspecting hand tools used in entry

References IFSTA Essentials of Fire Fighting, 3 rd edition, pages pages

Situations Requiring Forcible Entry Areas that are: – Locked – Blocked – Not provided or non-existent

Fire Service Functions Associated with Forcible Entry Rescue Ventilation Access to victims, downed firefighters or fire area Locked or blocked egresses Fire Attack Overhaul/Salvage Escape

Cautions and Procedures TRY BEFORE YOU PRY Stand to the side when breaking glass Beware of falling glass Block doors and windows open Block overhead doors in up position Watch for electrical wires and pipes Watch for flying chips and sharp edges Wear full protective clothing

OBJECTIVE Doors

Definitions Jamb- a side post or side of a doorway or window Rabbet- a recess or groove in or near the edge of one piece of wood or other material that will receive the edge of another piece Stile- A vertical side piece in a doorway or window sash

Types of Doors Swinging doors – Single – Double Revolving doors – Panic-proof – Drop arm – Metal-braced

Doors Sliding doors Overhead doors – Sectional/folding – Rolling steel – Slab

Doors Fire doors – Horizontal – Vertical – Single – Double – Overhead

Materials Used for Doors Wood Metal – Aluminum – Steel Glass- Tempered Fiberglass

Construction Features of Doors Wooden Swinging Doors Panel Slab – Hollow Core – Solid Core Ledge/Batten

Metal Swinging Doors Hollow metal Metal Covered Tubular Generally not forced if in a metal jamb due to time factor

Fire Doors Class A openings Class B openings Self-closing Automatic closing

Jambs Rabbeted Stopped

Windows OBJECTIVE

Types of Windows Checkrail/Double-hung Casement/Hinged Projected/Factory Awning & Jalousie Lexan Plastic Screened or Barred

Materials Used for Windows Wood Metal Screens Bars Wire Mesh Iron Grating

Construction Features Checkrail – Two sashes – Checkrail (center) Casement – Hinged on side – Swing outward – Operating mechanism Crank lever

Construction Features Projected – Out – In – Pivoted Center Top Bottom

Construction Features Awning – 1 foot glass – Metal/wood frame Jalousie – 4 inch glass – No frame Lexan – Self-extinguishing – Glass substitute

Construction Features Screened or Bars – Wire meshed guards Hinged top or side Fitted into brackets – Heavy metal bars

Roofs OBJECTIVE

Types of Roofs Flat Pitched Arched

Materials Used for Roofs Coverings – Wood shingles – Composition roofing pepper – Tile – Slate – Synthetic membrane – Tar & gravel

Construction Materials Wood Metal Precast Gypsum Poured Reinforced concrete Lightweight concrete

Features Flat – Joists covering Sheathing Poured concrete Lightweight concrete Precast gypsum Precast concrete slab – Coverings altered Chimneys Vent pipes

Features Shafts Scuttles Skylights Pitched – Timber rafters – Metal trusses – Sheathing boards – Gypsum slabs – Wood trusses Arched – Bow-string truss – Truss less arch

OBJECTIVE Vertical Barriers

Materials of Walls Masonry & Veneered Metal & Prefabed metal Wood frame – Exterior siding Clapboard Board & batten Asbestos shingles Stucco Vinyl Metal

Materials of Walls Partition – Hollow clay tile – Covered wood – Covered metal – Solid block construction

Construction Features Metal walls – Sheets – Sections – Panel – Wood or metal studs Wood frame – Studs – Masonry & veneered walls

Tools OBJECTIVE

Different Types & Classes Cutting – Metal cutting – Handsaws – Power saws – Hydraulic Prying – Hydraulic Striking Pushing/Pulling Forcing locks Padlocks

Tools Gas power Hydraulic power Manual Air compressor Oxyacetylene

Cutting Tools Manual – Axe Flat head Pick head – Handsaw Carpenter Hacksaw Coping Keyhole Bolt cutters Wire cutter

Cutting Tools Power – Saws Circular Reciprocating Chain Oxyacetylene Torch

Prying Tools Hand prying – Pry-axe – Halligan – Crowbar – Claw tool – Pry bar – Kelly tool – Spanner – Quic-bar Power prying – Hydraulic spreaders – Rabbet tool

Pushing/Pulling Tools Manual – Pike poles – Plaster hooks Power – Hydraulic rams

Striking Tools Axes Battering rams Ram bars Punchers Hammers Picks Sledgehammer Chisels Center punches Mauls

Carrying Tools Close to body Points protected

Tools Cautions & Procedures TRY BEFORE YOU PRY Carry tool safely (no running on scene) Use tools safely Right tool for the job Keep tools clean Maintain and store properly Wear eye/hearing protection DO NOT remove power tool safety guards

Saw Blade Maintenance Keep clean Keep sharpened Keep them lightly oiled Do not interchange different manufactures blades Store in clean, dry place DO NOT store where gasoline fumes accumulate (destroys carbon & composite blades)

OBJECTIVE Doors

Opening Doors TRY BEFORE PRY If door is locked – examine construction – determine method of operation – examine lock – Force? Find other methods of entry? – Use easiest, quickest, and least damaging method.

Forcible Entry Procedures Doors – TRY BEFORE YOU PRY Swinging toward Firefighter – insert blade of tool between door jamb and lock – force blade in against the rabbet or stop by working and pushing tool – pry tool away from the door to move the door and the jamb apart – pull door open or pry open with another tool when the lock has cleared its keeper

Forcible Entry Procedures Swinging away from Firefighter – break glass – stand to the windward side of the glass pane to be broken – strike tool at the top of the pane, keeping hands above the point of impact – remove ALL glass including jagged pieces from the sash with axe or other appropriate tool

Forcible Entry Procedures Break lock Stopped jamb – bump the cutting edge of tool against stop to break paint or varnish so blade can be inserted – loosen stop at the lock or remove stop completely – start blade between door and jamb – make initial pry only after the blade is halfway in, this is to permit the blade to be worked and pushed

Forcible Entry Procedures – With full bite behind door pry door away from jamb until bolt passes keeper

Forcible Entry Procedures Rabbeted Jamb – lay blade of tool flat against door, insert blade between rabbet and door – make short pries with first tool to spread jamb – work blade of second tool between door and jamb, hammering blade well into opening – with full bite behind door, pry door away from jamb until bolt passes keeper

Forcible Entry Procedures Inward w/ Rabbit Tool – Insert rabbit tool jaws next to lock between stop and door – Place one foot on leg of pump while holding jaws in place with hand – Grasp pump handle with free hand – Pump portable hydraulic pump while maintaining a grip on back of jaws to prevent slipping out of position, as the tool spreads be cautious as door will “spring” open suddenly

Forcible Entry Procedures Double Swinging Door – pry apart – remove bar – cut door panel – break glass Revolving Door – Collapse doors Panic proof Push/press door wings in opposite direction

Forcible Entry Procedures – Drop arm locate pawl press pawl to disengage it from arm push wing to one side – Metal-braced locate arms that look like gate hook with an eye force a side door

Forcible Entry Procedures Sliding Doors – Break glass Overhead Doors – pry upward at bottom – knock out panel and turn latch – cut opening in door and remove lock- “V” Cut – Knock out panel and pull motor release chain – Rolling steel doors are best opened by cutting it open with power saw

OBJECTIVE WINDOWS

Windows – Checkrail windows w/ lock in the center Forcing the window –TRY BEFORE YOU PRY –Place prying tool in center of window –apply downward pressure until lock is pulled from checkrail Break glass Forcible Entry Procedures

Casement Windows – Break lowest pane of glass, clean out jagged edges – Force or cut screen in same area – Reach in and upward to unlock – Operate crank or levers at bottom – Remove screen completely and enter

Forcible Entry Procedures Projected windows – Break pane of glass nearest locking mechanism, clean out sharp and jagged edges – Reach in unlock latch – Pivot window outward

Forcible Entry Procedures Awning and Jalousie Windows – Stand to windward side of glass pane to be broken – Strike tool at the top of panel, keeping hands above point of impact – Repeat steps until a large enough opening has been made – Remove jagged pieces from the frames with a tool

Forcible Entry Procedures Lexan Glass – Cut with power saw Barred or Screened Windows – Barred Strike bars with sledgehammer about 10” above the sill Strike the sill with a sledge hammer opposite the end of the bar Use hammer-head pick to crack masonry

Forcible Entry Procedures – Gratings or Wire Mesh Force with pick head axe Cut with Plasma Torch or saw

OBJECTIVE CEILINGS

Forcible Entry Procedures Ceilings – Position yourself between area to be opened and an escape route – Break plaster in the area to be pulled – Use a pike pole to hook and pull lath & plaster, wire mesh, gypsum board, ceiling tiles – Pull down and away

CEILINGS Be advised, just as with our current fire stations, just because there is a drop ceiling or any other type, this does not mean that there is no other ceiling concealed beyond what you can see!

OBJECTIVE ROOFS

Forcible Entry Procedures Roofs – Remove covers from existing structures on roof Skylights Scuttle hatches Monitors Ventilation shafts Stairway openings

ROOFS In some cases electrical wiring, gas lines, and other utilities may be located directly under rafters, you must use CAUTION!

Forcible Entry Procedures Flat Roofs – Determine where opening needs to be – Locate roof supports by sounding with axe – Mark location for opening by scoring a line on the roof surface with pick head of axe – Remove built up roof material by using pick head or halligan bar and move material out of the way – Never throw shingles off of the roof, there are people working below you

Forcible Entry Procedures – Cut wood decking diagonally alongside joist toward hole – Pry up roof boards

Forcible Entry Procedures Pitched Roofs – Locate where opening needs to made – Place roof ladder on roof s you are upwind from hole – Locate roof supports by sounding with axe – Mark location by scoring a line with tool – Rip off shingles or roofing felt sufficiently to permit initial cut to be made

Forcible Entry Procedures – Cut sheathing alongside rafter the distance required for hole – Cut opposite side of opening – Remove sheathing boards with a tool

OBJECTIVE FLOORS

Forcible Entry Procedures Floors – Wood Determine location for hole Sound floor joists and find exact location Cut one side of finished floor by using angle cuts Cut other side of finished floor Remove flooring or floor covering with a tool Cut all sides of sub flooring using same angle cuts Remove boards from subfloor

FLOORS Joist usually run 16” on center. This means that it is 16” from the center of the board, to the center of the board

Forcible Entry Procedures Concrete Floors – Cut with jackhammer – Saws with masonry blades – Penetrating nozzles – Usually not done due to obvious labor and time involved

OBJECTIVE VERTICAL BARRIERS

Forcible Entry Procedures Walls (vertical barriers) – Masonry/Veneered Use power tools Use battering ram to clear material – Metal Select location for hole Position saw next to studs Make opening as neat as possible

Forcible Entry Procedures – Wood Frame Remove siding Sound wall for studs Cut along stud Remove siding Be cautious for electrical wiring and pipes

Forcible Entry Procedures Partition Walls – Select location of opening – Look for blistered paint or bubbling wallpaper – Check for electrical wall plugs and switches – Select appropriate tool(s) – Locate the studs by sounding – Cut along studs with a tool

Special Forcible Entry Procedures Basements/Sub-Basements Vault and Vault Type Doors Fences and Property Barriers Padlocks

Forcible Entry Procedures Vault type doors, Basements, Sub- basements – Cautious for electrical vaults, oxygen deficient atmosphere, explosive atmospheres

Forcible Entry Procedures Fences/Roll Down Shutters/Gates – Use torch or saws Padlocks – Use torch, saw, or bolt cutters

OBJECTIVE Identify the Materials Used for Construction of Locking Devices

Construction Materials of Locking Devices Door locks/Bars – Metal – Wood Windows – Metal – Plastic

OBJECTIVE Construction Features of Locking Devices

Construction Features of Locking Devices Door Locks – Keeper is mortised into jamb – Bolt or bar protrudes from door Window Locks – Latch on wood – Latch on metal frame

OBJECTIVE

THROUGH THE LOCK A-TOOL – Force the jaws of A-Tool around and behind protruding rim of cylinder – Gouge out wood around cylinder for a better bite – Use curved head and long handle to pull cylinder – Insert either straight or bent end of key tool into hub of luck and turn

THROUGH THE LOCK – if for any reason this fails and it is a rim lock, insert straight end of A-Tool through hole and drive lock off the door with an axe

THROUGH THE LOCK K-TOOL – Force K-Tool behind cylinder ring and face of cylinder until wedging blades take a bite into cylinder(Light blows w/ a tool might help) – Insert hooligan tool in metal loop on front – Apply downward pressure until lock is pulled out – Use key tool to trip locking mechanism

THROUGH THE LOCK Windows – Pry out screws – Break glass

OBJECTIVE CARE and MAINTAINANCE of TOOLS

Care Clean Inspect Maintain

Cleaning Remove construction materials Dry

Inspect Check wooden components – cracks – rot – splinters Check metal components – cracks – rust – chips

Inspect Belts for cuts Check for obvious damage Check cutting surfaces for sharpness

Maintenance Wood surfaces should be coated with boiled linseed oil to prevent drying out Fiberglass should be patched Metal surfaces should be lightly oiled Power tools should be serviced regularly Axe heads should be checked for – body thickness – sharpness of blades

Maintenance Wood handles – Heads on tight – Do not paint Cutting edges – No nicks – File edges, but not to a razor sharp state Metal surfaces – No rust – Oil it – NO paint

Maintenance – Keep free of burrs Power equipment – service regularly – check cords if electric – follow manufactures recommendations for upkeep