OBJECTIVE: TRACE THE SPREAD OF RENAISSANCE IDEAS The Northern Renaissance

The Northern Renaissance Begins By the 1400s, the Renaissance had spread to Northern Europe – especially England, France, Germany, and Flanders.

Christian Humanism Christian humanism - the belief that human freedom, individual conscience, and rational inquiry are compatible with the practice of Christianity.  It represents a philosophical union of Christian faith and humanist principles. While Renaissance humanists stressed science and sensuality, Christian humanists used the principles of classical learning to focus on biblical studies, theology, and the importance of individual conscience, which laid the foundations of the Protestant Reformation.

RENAISSANCE HUMANISTS CHRISTIAN HUMANIST Emphasized - human dignity, beauty, and potential Reacted against the religious authority of the Catholic Church Valued - earthly beauty Focus on - biblical studies and the importance of individual conscience Valued - earthly existence in combination with the Christian faith

Thomas More 1478 – 1535 London University of Oxford Utopia (1516) Book about imaginary land where greed, corruption, and war have been weeded out. Little use for money Goal: social and political equality for all Helped King Henry VIII write Defence of the Seven Sacraments, a rejection of Luther, and wrote an answer to Luther's reply under a pseudonym He didn’t agree with the King’s divorce of Katherine of Aragon. Resigned, claiming “ill health,” but most likely didn’t agree with King’s stance on the Church. More's final words: "The King's good servant, but God's First." Christian Humanist

Desiderius Erasmus Christian Humanist Catholic Priest called "the crowning glory of the Christian humanists“ Prepared new Latin and Greek editions of New Testament Believed in reforming the Catholic Church Played role in Reformation

Michelangelo Italian Sculptor & Painter 1475–1564, Florence One of the leading artists of the Renaissance Lived with the Medici family - met many leading thinkers, artists, and writers. Sculpting and Painting  combines Renaissance ideals of beauty with emotional expressiveness

Albrecht Dürer German Artist 1471–1528, Germany Fashionable, confident, and intellectual, he studied goldsmithing, painting, printmaking, math, Latin, and classical literature and sculpture. He traveled and met humanists. blended detailed German painting with Italian techniques of perspective and idealized beauty talent for engravings and woodcuts He painted religious figures, myths, self-portraits, and court portraits The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

The Printing Press History of Book Making: 2700 BC Egyptians write books on papyrus scrolls 1000 BC Chinese made books by writing on strips of bamboo 300 AD Romans write on sheets of treated animal skins 800 AD Irish monks hand-write and hand-illustrate manuscripts 1440 AD – Johann Gutenberg invented the Printing Press in Mainz, Germany Made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply Printed the Gutenberg Bible in 1455 What type of books do you think were produced first? Answer: Religious works first, then other subjects like travel guides and medical manuals

About how many books could a printing press produce in a month? Answer: About 100 What were the major effects of the invention of the printing pres? Answer: It made books readily available and cheap enough for people to afford

How long did it really take?? Directions: 1. Get with a partner and pick one person to be the scribe and another to be the time keeper. 2. The scribe will copy the following paragraph while the time keeper times how long it takes: The Gutenberg press with its wooden and later metal movable type printing brought down the price of printed materials and made such materials available for the masses. It remained the standard until the 20th century. The Gutenberg printing press developed from the technology of the screw- type wine presses of the Rhine Valley. It was there in 1440 that Johannes Gutenberg created his printing press, a hand press, in which ink was rolled over the raised surfaces of moveable hand-set block letters held within a wooden form and the form was then pressed against a sheet of paper.

How long would it take you to copy a whole page? (About 4 paragraphs) How long would it take you to copy a entire book? (About 250 pages) m/videos/printing- press#printing-press

What was one way the Renaissance changed society? Changes in the Arts: Art drew on techniques and styles of classical Greece and Rome Paintings and sculptures portrayed individuals and nature in more realistic and lifelike ways (Realism) Artists created works that were secular as well as those that were religious The arts praised individual achievement Changes in Society Printing changed society by making more information available and inexpensive enough for society at large A greater availability of books prompted an increased desire for learning and a rise in literacy throughout Europe Published accounts of new discoveries, maps, and charts led to further discoveries in a variety of fields Published legal proceedings made the laws clear so that people were more likely to understand their rights Christian humanists’ attempts to reform society changed views about how life should be lived People began to question political structures and religious practices