Adaptation to heat waves occurrence in France S. Planton*, M. Gillet**, M. Déqué*, and J. Manach* *Météo-France, CNRM ** « Observatoire National sur les Effets du Réchauffement Climatique » (France) The 2003 heat wave in Western Europe First adaptation measures to heat wave occurrence

Adaptation to heat waves occurrence in France S. Planton*, M. Gillet**, M. Déqué*, and J. Manach* *Météo-France, CNRM ** « Observatoire National sur les Effets du Réchauffement Climatique » (France) The 2003 heat wave in Western Europe First adaptation measures to heat wave occurrence

Mean June-July-August temperatures in France (°C)

The last heat waves 850Hpa June-July-August Anomalies

August 7August o 15 o 20 o 25 o 30 o 35 o 40 o 9 days with Tx>35C Tn>20C Obs. 2 day for. 5 day for. ECMWF Temperature in Chartres

June-July-August temperature in France (°C)

For the period running from June 1 st to August 31 st, the year 2003 is the warmest ever recorded in France. The warming is singular by its amplitude and its extension over Western Europe. The 2003 heat wave in Western Europe The hottest period appeared to be predictable a few days in advance. Some regional climate change scénarios suggest that summers as warm or warmer than 2003 summer might occur every two years on average after 2050 in France (Déqué 2004) or in Switzerland (Schär et al, 2004).

Adaptation to heat waves occurrence in France S. Planton*, M. Gillet**, M. Déqué*, and J. Manach* *Météo-France, CNRM ** « Observatoire National sur les Effets du Réchauffement Climatique » (France) The 2003 heat wave in Western Europe First adaptation measures to heat wave occurrence

Post-heat wave reports and actions Reports: 29 August 2003: Institut de Veille Sanitaire. 25 September 2003: INSERM. November 2003: Ville de Paris. 3 February 2004: Sénat. 3 March 2004: Assemblée Nationale.

August 2003 temperature and mortality Ile-de-France (INSERM, 2004)

August 2003 temperature and mortality Rhône-Alpes (INSERM, 2004)

Post-heat wave reports and actions Reports: 29 August 2003: Institut de Veille Sanitaire. 25 September 2003: INSERM. November 2003: Ville de Paris. 3 February 2004: Sénat. 3 March 2004: Assemblée Nationale. Action plans: 5 May 2004: Heat wave plan for old peoples houses. 6 May 2004: Heat wave plan for medical urgency services and hospitals of Paris and its surroundings. 1 June-30 September 2004: French alert system for heat waves and health. 2 June 2004: Heat wave plan for Paris. As part of the National heat wave plan

The national heat wave plan Level 1: Seasonal survey from 1 June to 30 September to check up the different action plans and to inform the public for prevention. Level 2: To apply medical and social measures when an heatwave is occurring. Level 3: To mobilize public services from local to national scales when an overtaking of biometeorological thresholds is forecasted in the next 3 days. Level 4: To apply exceptional measures when an heatwave is extending and lasting.

The french alert system for heat waves and health Method: Definition of a biometeorological indicator: a combination of daily minimum and maximum temperatures averaged over 3 days. Application: Activation of Level 2 of the national heatwave plan when forecasted indicators (1, 2 or 3 days in advance) overtake the threshold values. Established by the « Institut de Veille Sanitaire » and Météo-France to alert authorities with 3-day anticipation. Construction of a map of threshold values of this indicator for a given overmortality percentage. The vigilance map elaborated with 1-day temperature forecasts for public information.

A combination of decision levels from local to national with a national coordination. First adaptation measures to heat wave occurrence A combination of anticipation levels An adaptation to climate change as heat waves will become more frequent and as decision makers are generally aware of this. Very short term: medical and social measures … Short term: 3-day anticipation of heat waves … Long term: prevention by public information …