Writing Prompt – South Africa: What was your system based on? What group were you? How did you feel about being in your group? (Rights, resources, etc) Overall, is this a fair system? Why/Why not? What was your system based on? What group were you? How did you feel about being in your group? (Rights, resources, etc) Overall, is this a fair system? Why/Why not?

Apartheid in South Africa

Late 1800s: British colonize South Africa British beat Dutch Boers & Zulus for control of S. Africa After WWI, British give South Africa independence The Nationalist Party (NP) wins post-independence elections NP consists mostly of Boers (now called Afrikaners) Late 1800s: British colonize South Africa British beat Dutch Boers & Zulus for control of S. Africa After WWI, British give South Africa independence The Nationalist Party (NP) wins post-independence elections NP consists mostly of Boers (now called Afrikaners) The Afrikaners create a system called Apartheid (Dutch for separation) Laws are passed segregating housing & education as well as restricting rights for black South Africans 1960s: resistance movements start against Apartheid ANC & PAC were the two main resistance groups

South African government begins torturing and killing members of the ANC who they call “terrorists” 1970s: Countries around the world begin to boycott South African products until the S. Africa ends Apartheid. 1990s: President FW DeClerk, begins ending Apartheid – he frees political prisoners, including Mandela DeClerk allows all people to vote in the next election, the people of South Africa elected Nelson Mandela as their president Mandela set up the Truth & Reconciliation commission to investigate Apartheid crimes South African government begins torturing and killing members of the ANC who they call “terrorists” 1970s: Countries around the world begin to boycott South African products until the S. Africa ends Apartheid. 1990s: President FW DeClerk, begins ending Apartheid – he frees political prisoners, including Mandela DeClerk allows all people to vote in the next election, the people of South Africa elected Nelson Mandela as their president Mandela set up the Truth & Reconciliation commission to investigate Apartheid crimes The ANC was led by Nelson Mandela Mandela would be jailed for protesting 1960: police killed 59 people protesting Apartheid (Sowetto Riots)

Typical Apartheid Laws (Don’t Copy – Read) Home, Family, Residence Any African who was born in a town and has lived in that town for their whole life but left that town for any period longer than two weeks may not return to their hometown for more than 72 hours unless they have a permit. If they do so they will be fined and imprisoned for two months. Any African may not have their wife or children living with them unless the wife and children have a permit to do so. If the wife and children stay with him for more than 72 hours they have committed a criminal offense and will be imprisoned for six months. Whenever a policeman wishes he may inspect any dwelling in the township and can enter any time of the day or night. Home, Family, Residence Any African who was born in a town and has lived in that town for their whole life but left that town for any period longer than two weeks may not return to their hometown for more than 72 hours unless they have a permit. If they do so they will be fined and imprisoned for two months. Any African may not have their wife or children living with them unless the wife and children have a permit to do so. If the wife and children stay with him for more than 72 hours they have committed a criminal offense and will be imprisoned for six months. Whenever a policeman wishes he may inspect any dwelling in the township and can enter any time of the day or night.

Movement Any African over the age of sixteen must be in possession of a passbook. Any policeman at anytime may ask an African to produce this book. Any African who cannot will be fined and imprisoned for one month. Work Any white person who employs and African for work that is “reserved” for white people must obtain an exemption from the Minister of Labor. If there is no exemption the employer and the African shall be fined and imprisoned for one year. Any African factory worker who suggests his fellow employees should strike for higher wages will be fined and imprisoned for up to 3 years Movement Any African over the age of sixteen must be in possession of a passbook. Any policeman at anytime may ask an African to produce this book. Any African who cannot will be fined and imprisoned for one month. Work Any white person who employs and African for work that is “reserved” for white people must obtain an exemption from the Minister of Labor. If there is no exemption the employer and the African shall be fined and imprisoned for one year. Any African factory worker who suggests his fellow employees should strike for higher wages will be fined and imprisoned for up to 3 years

Education No white man may spend anytime in his home teaching his African servants to read. If he does so he has committed a criminal offense. Both will be imprisoned for 6 months Any African student who attends a single lecture at the University of Cape Town without special permission from the Minister of Bantu Education is subject to a fine and six months imprisonment.

Other Laws It is unlawful for any white person and black person to drink a cup of tea together at a café unless they have received a special permit to do so. If a black sits on a public bench that is reserved for white people as a way of protesting Apartheid laws is committing a criminal offense punishable by at least two of three of the following punishments: fine, three years imprisonment, 10 lashes with a whip. If a white South African marries a colored person overseas, that marriage is not recognized in South Africa and the person and their spouse will be prosecuted if they return to South Africa. Any white man who tells any African that Apartheid laws are unjust and shouldn’t be obeyed is committing a criminal offense punishable by a fine and one year imprisonment.