Qualitative Data Analysis: An introduction Carol Grbich Chapter 2 : Design Methodologies, Data Management and Analytical Approaches

Design Methodologies Realist/Critical Grounded theory (Strauss) Classical and critical ethnography Classical phenomenology Feminist research Summative evaluation Action research

Design methodologies Interpretivist/constructivist Grounded theory (Glaser) Hermeneutic approaches Heuristic phenomenology Memory work Formative evaluation Participatory action

Design methodologies Postmodern / post structural Grounded theory Ethnodrama/auto/cyber ethnography Phenomenology Feminist Evaluation Action research

Interview transcript Couteau: My first question concerns the actual process of writing. Do you have any sort of daily ritual that serves as a preparation to writing, or do you just sit down every day at a certain time and begin? Bradbury: Well, the ritual is waking up, number one, and then lying in bed and listening to my voices. Then, over a period of years... I call it my morning theater; it’s inside my head. And my characters talk to one another, and when it reaches a certain pitch of excitement I jump out of bed and run and trap them before they are gone. So I never have to worry about a routine; they’re always in there talking. Couteau: How long do you write for? Bradbury: Oh, a couple of hours. You can do three or four thousand words and that’s more than enough for one day.

Preliminary data analysis Purpose: While data is being collected: Checking and tracking data Identifying holes Determining if question/s or sampling strategies need to change To identify what is emerging from the data

Preliminary data analysis Couteau: My first question concerns the actual process of writing. Do you have any sort of daily ritual that serves as a preparation to writing, or do you just sit down every day at a certain time and begin? Bradbury:Well, the ritual is waking up, number one, and then lying in bed and listening to my voices. Then, over a period of years... I call it my morning theater; inside my head. And my characters talk to one another, and when it reaches a certain pitch of excitement I jump out of bed and run and trap them before they are gone. So I never have to worry about routine; they’re always in there talking. Morning theater’: how long does this process take? What does he do if he forgets what they have said or is distracted before he can complete writing down what they have said?

Face sheets Purpose - to help manage data by: Identifying major issues emerging from each set of data collected Locating issues and questions to be followed up in the next interview/s Facilitate ongoing data summaries

Qualitative traditions of analytic approaches Iterative (hermeneutic via feedback cycles) Subjective (dual or total focus on the researcher) Investigative (semiotic exploring language and cultural contexts) Enumerative (counting and ‘objective’ accounts)

Iterative Process: a series of actions of data collection which are repeated until the accumulated findings indicate that nothing new is likely to emerge and that the research question has been answered. Iterative approaches include: the basic Hermeneutic Approach Grounded Theory, Phenomenology, Ethnography, Oral history, Action, Evaluation, Socio-cultural Narratives, Feminist versions of all of the above and Memory Work

Subjective Process: is a focus on you the researcher’s mental processes, experiences and judgements Subjective approaches include; auto ethnography, heuristic phenomenology postmodern versions of ethnography, grounded theory, feminist, evaluation and action research where the researcher has chosen to include a significant segment of subjective data.

Investigative Process: the uncovering of previously hidden information relating to languages within their cultural contexts Investigative approaches include; Structuralist, Post Structuralist, Content Analysis, Feminist research, Discourse Analysis,, Conversational Analysis Narratives of the Socio-linguistic type.

Enumerative Process: 1. The production of ‘objective’ accounts of the content of verbal, written, or visual texts, 2. the development of codes and categories often prior to analysis, 3. and the definition and measurement of units of analysis. Approaches include: transcendental realism, quasi statistical and matrix analysis