Multilanguage -Internationalization -The language is not enough Michio Kimura M.D. Ph.D. Director and Professor of Medical Informatics Department Hamamatsu University School of Medicine JIRA DICOM Committee Advisory

Michio Kimura M.D. Ph.D. Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Three types of representation -- We have 2 patient names in HIS zAlphabetic zIdeographic zPhonetic yIdeographic names xhave many ways to pronounce xare difficult to sort

Michio Kimura M.D. Ph.D. Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Multi-Byte Character Codes in Use in Asia zKorea: KS X 1001, and 1001 annex 3 yHanguls(phonetic) and Ideographics zChina(PR): GB zTaiwan(ROC): CNS 11643, and Big-5 zJapan: JIS X yKatakana, Hiragana(Ph.) and Ideographics yJunior school pupils must read/write 810 letters. zVarieties: 6879(JIS) to 48711(CNS)

Michio Kimura M.D. Ph.D. Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Byte-wise Representation of ISO2022

Michio Kimura M.D. Ph.D. Hamamatsu University School of Medicine RFC 1468: Japanese Character Encoding for Internet Messages zISO-2022-JP zWithin 7-bit, safe for most nodes zEvery line starts/ends with ASCII yNo carryover shifting zISO-2022-KR is also used in Korea zSame method is in DICOM(Supplement 9), and HL7 v.2.3.1

Michio Kimura M.D. Ph.D. Hamamatsu University School of Medicine UNICODE: ISO10646 z“Allocating 2 bytes for every character, UNICODE can represent every character in the world without any status nor shifting technique.” z16 bits=65,536 y-> CJK unified ideographics

Michio Kimura M.D. Ph.D. Hamamatsu University School of Medicine CJK Unified Ideographics

Michio Kimura M.D. Ph.D. Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Why we do not use UNICODE as Message? (I know it is used inside, but, we do not like it go outside as message format.) zIf Chinese “Bone” and our “Bone” are to be recognized same, because of symmetry, how about using these? zUNICODE consortium says “Introduction of Language information”. xWe cannot write “Chinese language textbook written in Japanese. xWe cannot accommodate Koreans living in Japan with their name properly in Korean letter, but their address is Japanese, of course. yOriginal UNICODE dream is gone.

Michio Kimura M.D. Ph.D. Hamamatsu University School of Medicine HL7 Japan’s answer to HL7 v.3 zIn XML, UNICODE will be default in zEven in UNICODE v3.1, “over-unification” problem is not solved. zBut with XML schema and XML namespace, font information can be set in each tag. yBy this, Korean name in Japanese address can be described. zOriginal UNICODE dream (all languages in the same time) is gone, but “many 1 byte languages + one 2 byte language” is not bad. yPokémon zAnswer: “UNICODE can be default, provided that we can continue to use each local practice now being used.”

Michio Kimura M.D. Ph.D. Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Language representation is not the only issue zLanguage used in; yConversation with patients ySchool education xMedical, Nurse, Technicians yMedical record xSigns and symptoms xReports zStructure of data types yAddress x250 Wu-Hsing street x Handa cho