Q UANTUM M ECHANICS Is God in the Hamiltonian?

Z EN K OAN What is the sound of one hand clapping?

T HE GREAT MYSTERY The possibility that the electron might have gone through slit b interferes with the possibility that it might have gone through slit c.

Q UANTUM M ECHANICS KOAN Potentiality is reality.

S OME DEFINITIONS Epistemology – All about explaining, describing, and predicting things. Ontology – What really exists and what is its nature?

T HE WAVE FUNCTION

S CHRODINGER EQUATION

T HE PLOT SO FAR Particles can act like waves. Waves can act like particles. Possibilities are “real.” When things happen they happen randomly and unpredictably The ultimate level of reality is a mathematical function that cannot be observed directly and contains hidden information of uncertain significance.

W ORSE YET We create properties by observing them.

E VEN WORSE We create properties by observing the. So do we create the universe by observing it?

T WO - SLIT EXPERIMENT REVISITED

T HE EPR EXPERIMENT

ULTIMATE REALITY ? Quantum fields fill all space; one field for each kind of particle. Particles are just localized bunches of energy carried by the fields. Particles can appear and disappear spontaneously from the fields. Perhaps the universe appeared in just this way.

The Tao of Physics, Fritjof Capra, Shambala Press, Berkeley, 1975

J OHN A RCHIBALD W HEELER Nothing is more important about the quantum principle that this, that it destroys the concept of the world as sitting ‘out there.’ … the measurement changes the state of the electron. The universe will never afterwards be the same. To describe what has happened, one has to cross out that old word ‘observer’ and put in its place the new word ‘participator.’ In some strange sense the universe is a participatory universe.

W ERNER H EISENBERG What we observe is not nature itself, but nature exposed to our method of questioning.

F ROM THE UPANISHADS Where there is duality, as it were, there one sees another; there one smells another; there one tastes another … But where everything has become just one’s own self, then whereby and whom would one see? Then whereby and whom would one smell? Then whereby and whom would one taste?

C HANG T SAI When the ch’i condenses, its visibility becomes apparent so that there are then the shapes of individual things. When it disperses, its visibility is no longer apparent and there are no shapes. At the time of its condensation, can one say otherwise than that this is but temporary? But at the time of its dispersing, can one hastily say that it is then non-existent. The Great Void cannot but consist of ch’i ; this ch’i cannot but condense to form all things; and these things cannot but become dispersed so as to form (once again) the Great Void.

C HRISTIAN THEOLOGY ? Multiple levels of reality Escape from determinism Might God act through quantum processes? Quantum physics and theology have similar methodologies.

Quantum Physics and Theology: An Unexpected Kinship, John Polkinghorne, Yale University Press, 2007

Q UANTUM PHYSICS AND THEOLOGY : AN UNEXPECTED KINSHIP Understanding comes from the interplay of factual data and interpretative theory. Progress is made when critical questions are explored. Some discoveries radically transform and expands our horizon. Occasionally critical events transform their subject immediately.

Q UANTUM MECHANICS AS METAPHOR There is an underlying level of reality to which we have only indirect access. Everything in the universe is entangled in a mysterious way. We live in a participatory universe.