Job Control Copyright © Software Carpentry 2010 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License See

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Presentation transcript:

Job Control Copyright © Software Carpentry 2010 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License See for more information. The Unix Shell

Job ControlIntroduction shell

Job ControlIntroduction shell $ wc –l *.pdb | sort | head -1

Job ControlIntroduction shell wc $ wc –l *.pdb | sort | head -1 sorthead

Job ControlIntroduction shell wc $ wc –l *.pdb | sort | head -1 sorthead Control programs while they run

Job ControlIntroduction shell wc $ wc –l *.pdb | sort | head -1 sorthead Control programs while they run processes

Job ControlIntroduction A process is a running program

Job ControlIntroduction A process is a running program Some are yours

Job ControlIntroduction A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users)

Job ControlIntroduction A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list

Job ControlIntroduction A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list $ ps PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $

Job ControlIntroduction A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list $ ps PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ Process ID (unique at any moment)

Job ControlIntroduction A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list $ ps PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ Parent process ID

Job ControlIntroduction A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list $ ps PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ Parent process ID What process created this one?

Job ControlIntroduction A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list $ ps PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ Process group ID

Job ControlIntroduction A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list $ ps PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ What terminal (TTY) is it running in?

Job ControlIntroduction A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list $ ps PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ What terminal (TTY) is it running in? '?' indicates a system service (no TTY)

Job ControlIntroduction A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list $ ps PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ The user ID of the process's owner

Job ControlIntroduction A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list $ ps PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ The user ID of the process's owner Controls what the process can read, write, execute, …

Job ControlIntroduction A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list $ ps PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ When the process was started

Job ControlIntroduction A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list $ ps PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ The program the process is executing

Job ControlIntroduction Can stop, pause, and resume running processes

Job ControlIntroduction Can stop, pause, and resume running processes $./analyze results*.dat

Job ControlIntroduction $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... Can stop, pause, and resume running processes

Job ControlIntroduction $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $ Can stop, pause, and resume running processes

Job ControlIntroduction $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $ Stop the running program Can stop, pause, and resume running processes

Job ControlIntroduction $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ Can stop, pause, and resume running processes

Job ControlIntroduction $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ Run in the background Can stop, pause, and resume running processes

Job ControlIntroduction $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ Run in the background Shell returns right away instead of waiting for the program to finish Can stop, pause, and resume running processes

Job ControlIntroduction $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ fbcmd events $ Can run other programs in the foreground while waiting for background process(es) to finish Can stop, pause, and resume running processes

Job ControlIntroduction $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ fbcmd events $ jobs [1]./analyze results01.dat results02.dat results03.dat $ Can stop, pause, and resume running processes

Job ControlIntroduction $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ fbcmd events $ jobs [1]./analyze results01.dat results02.dat results03.dat $ Can stop, pause, and resume running processes Show background processes

Job ControlIntroduction $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ fbcmd events $ jobs [1]./analyze results01.dat results02.dat results03.dat $ fg Can stop, pause, and resume running processes

Job ControlIntroduction $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ fbcmd events $ jobs [1]./analyze results01.dat results02.dat results03.dat $ fg Bring background job to foreground Can stop, pause, and resume running processes

Job ControlIntroduction $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ fbcmd events $ jobs [1]./analyze results01.dat results02.dat results03.dat $ fg Bring background job to foreground Use fg %1, fg %2, etc. if there are several background jobs Can stop, pause, and resume running processes

Job ControlIntroduction $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ fbcmd events $ jobs [1]./analyze results01.dat results02.dat results03.dat $ fg...a few minutes pass... $ And finally it's done Can stop, pause, and resume running processes

Job ControlIntroduction Use ^Z to pause a program that's already running

Job ControlIntroduction Use ^Z to pause a program that's already running fg to resume it in the foreground

Job ControlIntroduction Use ^Z to pause a program that's already running fg to resume it in the foreground Or bg to resume it as a background job

Job ControlIntroduction $./analyze results01.dat Use ^Z to pause a program that's already running fg to resume it in the foreground Or bg to resume it as a background job

Job ControlIntroduction $./analyze results01.dat ^Z [1] Stopped./analyze results01.dat $ Use ^Z to pause a program that's already running fg to resume it in the foreground Or bg to resume it as a background job

Job ControlIntroduction $./analyze results01.dat ^Z [1] Stopped./analyze results01.dat $ bg %1 $ Use ^Z to pause a program that's already running fg to resume it in the foreground Or bg to resume it as a background job

Job ControlIntroduction $./analyze results01.dat ^Z [1] Stopped./analyze results01.dat $ bg %1 $ jobs [1]./analyze results01.dat $ Use ^Z to pause a program that's already running fg to resume it in the foreground Or bg to resume it as a background job

Job ControlIntroduction $./analyze results01.dat ^Z [1] Stopped./analyze results01.dat $ bg %1 $ jobs [1]./analyze results01.dat $ kill %1 $ Use ^Z to pause a program that's already running fg to resume it in the foreground Or bg to resume it as a background job

Job ControlIntroduction Job control mattered a lot when users only had one terminal window

Job ControlIntroduction Job control mattered a lot when users only had one terminal window Less important now: just open another window

Job ControlIntroduction Job control mattered a lot when users only had one terminal window Less important now: just open another window Still useful when running programs remotely

August 2010 created by Greg Wilson Copyright © Software Carpentry 2010 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License See for more information.