Task Specific Strength Chapter 2

How, What and Why? How to train How to train What should be trained What should be trained Why training should be performed Why training should be performed What is strength? What is strength? How is it achieved? How is it achieved? Task specific strength has carryover Task specific strength has carryover

Elements of Strength Maximal muscular performance Maximal muscular performance 1RM or personal best 1RM or personal best P m, F m & V m P m, F m & V m Parametric relation between these variables? Parametric relation between these variables? Negative relationships Negative relationships Force/velocity relationship? Force/velocity relationship?

Figure 2.1 – 1969

Table on page 19

Nonparametric Relations Maximum maximorum performance Maximum maximorum performance Only max under favorable conditions Only max under favorable conditions P mm, F mm & V mm P mm, F mm & V mm Relation between P m and P mm is nonparametric Relation between P m and P mm is nonparametric Nonparametric are positive Nonparametric are positive

Nonparametric cont… Greater F mm and V m WHY? Greater F mm and V m WHY? Stronger and faster Stronger and faster Resistance must be sufficient to allow strength to be manifested Resistance must be sufficient to allow strength to be manifested If force is low then strength plays no role If force is low then strength plays no role What sports? What sports? Training should include both Training should include both

Example on page 21?

Figure 2.2 max force and specific velocity

Defining Strength Ability to produce F mm Ability to produce F mm Concentric – shortening against force Concentric – shortening against force Eccentric – lengthening with force Eccentric – lengthening with force Isometric – no change with force Isometric – no change with force F mm must be against high force F mm must be against high force

Extrinsic Determining Factors Mechanical feedback – effect of the outside forces Mechanical feedback – effect of the outside forces Force applied causes a change Force applied causes a change Types of resistance Types of resistance Elastic – force is pos related to distance of stretch Elastic – force is pos related to distance of stretch Inertia – F = MA Inertia – F = MA Hydrodynamic – viscosity Hydrodynamic – viscosity Compound resistance – weights and chains or elastic Compound resistance – weights and chains or elastic

Intrinsic Determining Factors Rate of force development (RFD) – time for force to be manifested Rate of force development (RFD) – time for force to be manifested Time to peak force T m Time to peak force T m Time to peak force is s Time to peak force is s

Figure 2.8 Explosive strength deficit 50% Explosive strength deficit 50% Figure 2.8 Figure 2.8 Finger snap (force accumulation) Finger snap (force accumulation)

Table on page 27 – compare?

Explosive Strength Deficit May increase F mm May increase F mm May increase RFD with explosive work May increase RFD with explosive work Strength and power are different Strength and power are different S gradient on page 28 S gradient on page 28

Figure s

Figure 2.9

Velocity Inverse relationship Inverse relationship AV Hill equation on page 30 AV Hill equation on page 30 Intermediate range is important Intermediate range is important Max power is at 1/3 Max power is at 1/3 why? (pg 31) why? (pg 31) Shot putters vs. javelin throwers? Shot putters vs. javelin throwers? No relationship between F mm and V mm No relationship between F mm and V mm

Figure 2.10

Figure 2.13 P=w/t or FxV

Eccentrics Much greater than concentric Much greater than concentric Why? Why? Total force velocity curve Total force velocity curve Fewer muscle fibers and EMG Fewer muscle fibers and EMG DOMS and damage DOMS and damage

Figure 2.14

Stretch-Shortening Cycle (SSC) Eccentric-concentric couple Eccentric-concentric couple Countermovement jump Countermovement jump Elasticity – stretch induced – what formula? Elasticity – stretch induced – what formula? Stiffness Stiffness Muscle – variable Muscle – variable Tendon – constant Tendon – constant Tension and stiffness are related Tension and stiffness are related

Acts like rubber band – Figure 2.15

Neural Mechanisms Muscle spindles – stretch Muscle spindles – stretch Golgi tendons – force Golgi tendons – force Neural loop – reflex Neural loop – reflex Training enhances this effect Training enhances this effect

Figure 2.19 (read top pg. 39)

Strength Curves Strength changes as a function of ROM Strength changes as a function of ROM Why is this important for lifting? Why is this important for lifting? Overlap? Overlap? Length tension curves Length tension curves Torque=fd (d=moment arm) Torque=fd (d=moment arm) Lever changes and force changes Lever changes and force changes

Figure 2.21

Figure 2.22

Levers and Strength Strength = force moment arm ratio Strength = force moment arm ratio Short levers create more force Short levers create more force Line of force action is close to joint when force is high Line of force action is close to joint when force is high

Figure 2.26

Summary Parametric relations are negative Parametric relations are negative Nonparametric may be positive Nonparametric may be positive Max force equals strength Max force equals strength External factors such as type of resistance External factors such as type of resistance Time of force production Time of force production RFD is important (isometric ) RFD is important (isometric ) Strength and power are different Concentric vs. eccentric strength SSC reactive strength Elastic and neural Spindles vs. golgi Length tension Lever length

Next Class Lab tonight on VJ force, velocity and jump height (CMJ vs SJ) and unloaded knee extension velocity (R vs L) Lab tonight on VJ force, velocity and jump height (CMJ vs SJ) and unloaded knee extension velocity (R vs L) Homework explanation Homework explanation Read Huxley article and write synopsis Read Huxley article and write synopsis Next week Chapter 3 and lab Next week Chapter 3 and lab