Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity Course 6292A Module Overview Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity Configuring IPv4 Network Connectivity Configuring IPv6 Network Connectivity Implementing Automatic IP Address Allocation Overview of Name Resolution Troubleshooting Network Issues This module’s key message is to provide an understanding of both IPv4 and IPv6. This will help students configure and troubleshoot the Windows 7 networking features. After completing this module, you will be able to: Configure IPv4 network connectivity. Configure IPv6 network connectivity. Implement automatic IP address allocation. Troubleshoot common network related issues by using the tools available in Windows 7. The Windows Server® 2008 R2 and Windows® 7 operating systems include networking enhancements that make it easier for users to get connected and stay connected regardless of their location or type of network. These enhancements also enable IT professionals to meet the needs of their business in a secure, reliable, and flexible way. New networking features include: DirectAccess, which enables users to access an enterprise network without the extra step of initiating a virtual private network (VPN) connection. VPN Reconnect, which automatically re-establishes a VPN connection as soon as Internet connectivity is restored, saving users from re-entering their credentials and re-creating the VPN connection. BranchCache™, which enables updated content from file and Web servers on a wide area network (WAN) to be cached on computers at a local branch office, increasing application response time and reducing WAN traffic. URL-based Quality of Service (QoS), which enables you to assign a priority level to traffic based on the URL from which the traffic originates. Mobile broadband device support, which provides a driver-based model for devices that are used to access a mobile broadband network. Multiple active firewall profiles, which enable the firewall rules most appropriate for each network adapter based on the network to which it is connected.

Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity An IPv4 address identifies a computer to other computers on a network. Course 6292A What Is an IPv4 Address? Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity IP Address 192.168.2.182 IP Address 192.168.2.180 IP Address 192.168.2.181 Subnet 1 IP Address 192.168.1.201 IP Address 192.168.1.202 IP Address 192.168.1.200 Subnet 2 Dotted decimal representation of the address

Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity This is the host ID in the fourth octet. Note: This host ID is 200 of 254 hosts on this specific subnet. This is the network ID for this number. This network ID is shared by all the hosts on the same subnet A subnet mask specifies which part of an IPv4 address is the network ID and which part of the IPv4 address is the host ID. This is a simple Class C type IPv4 number. There are 3 octets for the network ID and 1 octet for the host ID. Course 6292A What Is a Subnet Mask? Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity IP address x w y z 192 168 1 200 Subnet mask x w y z 255 Network ID x w y z 192 168 1

What Is a Default Gateway? A default gateway is a device, usually a router, on a TCP/IP internet that forwards IP packets to other subnets. Course 6292A What Is a Default Gateway? Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity Use a default gateway when the internal routing table on the host has no information about the destination subnet. Router Default gateway Subnet 2 Windows 7 clients Subnet 1 Windows 7 clients

What Are Public and Private IPv4 Addresses? Course 6292A What Are Public and Private IPv4 Addresses? Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity Private Non-routable on the Internet Can be locally assigned by organization Must be translated to access the Internet Public Required by devices and hosts that connect directly to the Internet Must be unique Routable on the Internet Must be assigned by IANA

Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity Course 6292A Benefits of Using IPv6 Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity Benefits of using IPv6 compared to IPv4 Larger address space ü More efficient routing Simpler host configuration Built-in security Better prioritized delivery support Redesigned headers

Windows 7 Support for IPv6 Course 6292A Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity Windows 7 Support for IPv6 IPv6 is Enabled by Default Windows 7 uses IPv6 by default to support security needs and additional features Windows 7 Dual Stack Windows 7 facilitates the dual stack to use IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously Direct Access requires IPv6 Windows 7 clients can use Direct Access which facilitates client computers connecting to the enterprise domain IPv6 uses Remote Desktop IPv6 supports Windows 7 File Sharing Security and Echo System features such as Remote Access and Direct Access

What Is the IPv6 Address Space? Course 6292A What Is the IPv6 Address Space? Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity The IPv6 address space: Uses 128 bits as compared to 32-bits that the IPv4 address space uses Allocates 64-bits for the network ID and 64-bits for the host ID Uses a prefix to define the network ID IPv6 uses hexidecimal notation 2001:0DB8:0000:0000:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A/64 Shorten Each digit represents four bits 2001:DB8:0:0:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A/64 Shorten Shorten the address by dropping leading zeros and using zero compression 2001:DB8::2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A/64 Continue shortening the address by dropping contiguous groups of zeros The prefix is a forward slash followed by the number of bits in the network ID

Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity Course 6292A IPv6 Address Types Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity IPv6 Address Types Unicast – use for one-to-one communication between hosts Multicast – use for one-to-many communication between computers that are defined as using the same multicast address Anycast – use for locating services or the nearest router IPv6 Unicast Address Types Global Unicast – globally routable and reachable on the IPv6 portion of the Internet Link-Local – use when communicating with neighboring hosts on the same link Unique Local Unicast – equivalent to IPv4 private address spaces, such as 10.0.0.0/8, and have the prefix FD00::/8

Automatic IPv4 Configuration Process Course 6292A Automatic IPv4 Configuration Process Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity IPv4 Client DHCP Server with IPv4 Scope and IPv4 Site Local Scope IPv4 Router IPv4 Static Configuration Automatic private IP addressing (APIPA): Is used if a DHCP server cannot be contacted ü Assigns IP addresses on the 169.254.0.0/16 network Cannot be used with: Active Directory Internet connectivity Multiple subnets DNS or WINS servers

Automatic IPv6 Configuration Process Course 6292A Automatic IPv6 Configuration Process Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity Static Configuration IPv6 Client Automatic IPv6 Configuration Process DHCP V6 Server – assigns Automatic IPv6 Configuration information to the client. IP V6 Clients – uses DHCP assigned IP Configuration to access network resources IP V6 Static Client – does not get automatic configuration from the DHCPv6 Server DHCP v6 Server with IPv6 Scope and IPv6 Site Local Scope IP V6 Router – provides a Gateway to the internet or another Subnet. IPv6 Client IPv6 Router

Troubleshooting Client-Side DHCP Issues Course 6292A Troubleshooting Client-Side DHCP Issues Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity IPConfig is used to display IP configuration information and to release and renew addresses Option Description /all Displays all IP address configuration information /release Releases a dynamic IPv4 address lease /renew Renews a dynamic IPv4 address lease

Types of Computer Names Course 6292A Types of Computer Names Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity Name Description Host name Up to 255 characters in length Can contain alphabetic and numeric characters, periods, and hyphens Part of FQDN NetBIOS name Represent a single computer or group of computers 15 characters used for the name 16th character identifies service Flat namespace

Methods for Resolving Computer Names Course 6292A Methods for Resolving Computer Names Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity DNS is the name resolution tool of choice for Windows 7 ü WINS is retained for backward compatibility The Global Domain Names feature can remove the need for WINS DNS is a service that manages the resolution of host names to IP addresses Domain Name System (DNS) Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) WINS is a NetBIOS name server used to resolve NetBIOS NetBIOS Name Cache 4 WINS Server Broadcast 6 DNS Resolver Cache 2 Local Host Name 1 LMHOSTS File 7 DNS Server 3 5

Tools for Troubleshooting Networks Course 6292A Tools for Troubleshooting Networks Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity Tool Purpose Event Viewer Enables you to view errors relating to network activity Windows Network Diagnostics Helps to diagnose and resolve network problems IPCONFIG Displays IP configuration information and controls the DNS resolver cache PING and PathPING Verifies basic IP connectivity TRACERT Verifies a routing path NSLOOKUP Enables testing of name resolution

Process for Troubleshooting Networks Course 6292A Process for Troubleshooting Networks Module 4: Configuring Network Connectivity Event Viewer Windows Network Diagnostics NSlookup IPConfig Tracert Ping