The Muscular System Functions, Anatomy, Physiology, Care, Injuries & Illnesses of our Muscles, Ligaments & Tendons

DIAGRAM

FUNCTIONS OF OUR BODY’S MUSCLES Responsible for all Body Movements Pumps Blood throughout the Body Moves food through the Digestive System Controls movement of Air in & out of lungs.

CLASSIFICATION OF MUSCLE MOVEMENT VOLUNTARY Movement under conscience control walking, talking, reaching INVOLUNTARY Automatic movement: breathing & blinking

TYPES OF MUSCLE INVOLUNTARY: SMOOTH: Named for Smooth Structure Forms Internal Organs Intestines, Bladder, Walls of Vessels CARDIAC: (Striated) Tissue that forms the walls of the Heart Most Important Muscle in the Body Responsible for Pumping Blood through body Contracts rhythmically ~100,000x/day

TYPES OF MUSCLE VOLUNTARY: SKELETAL: (Striated) Striped Tissue Muscles attached to bones Forms largest part of the Muscular System More than 600 muscles Makes up more than ½ Body’s weight Create Body Movement Displays Muscle Tone/ Reflects Muscle Use

MUSCULAR DISECTION

SKELETAL MUSCLE STRIATIONS MUSCLE CELLS MUSCLE FIBERS MYOFIBRILS FILAMENTS PROTEINS

OPPOSITE/COMPLIMENTARY MOVEMENT Every muscle has a “brother” or Complimentary Muscle that will work in opposition to flex or extend joints. *Muscles “Pull.” They do not “Push.”

MUSCULAR CONTRACTION Key Words Contraction/ Extension is triggered by nerve impulses. CONTRACTION: Shortening of Muscle Fibers EXTENSION: Stretching of Muscle Fibers FLEXOR: Muscle that Closes a Joint EXTENSOR: Muscle that Opens a Joint

How It Works! Brain Sends Message Message travels to Muscle & Jumps from the Motor End Plates to the Muscle Striations CONTRACT! Actin & Myosin jump on top of each other Myofibrils shorten, Fibers shorten, Cells shorten, Striation shortens, Muscle Contracts. EXTEND! Actin & Myosin repel each other Myofibrils lengthen, Fibers lengthen, Cells lengthen, Striations lengthen, Muscle Extends.

CARE OF OUR MUSCULAR SYSTEM

INJURIES Muscle Ache: Due to Lactic Acid Build Up Results in Cramps and Knots Temporary Condition Strain: Pulled Muscle Results from Overexertion Most Common in Athletes Treatment Consists of R.I.C.E. Method R-> I-> C-> E->

INJURIES (cont.) Bruise: Discolored area under the surface of skin caused by leakage of blood after injury Sore or Painful to the Touch Treatment Ice or Cold Pack (Reduces Pain and Swelling) Tendonitis: Inflammation of a Tendon Caused by Overuse Symptoms include pain, tenderness, & restricted movement Treatment may include anti-inflammatory meds, ultrasound, or injection of corticosteroids.

INJURIES (cont.) Hernia: More serious Muscle Injury Protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weak area in the muscular wall. Can occur when one lifts a heavy object. Treatment usually results in surgery to repair the injured area.

ILLNESSES Muscular Distrophy: Inherited Disorder characterized by a progressive wasting away of Skeletal Muscles. Degenerative in Nature Early Detection is crucial. No cure. Muscular weakening can be delayed by regular exercise.

ILLNESSES (cont.) Myasthenia Gravis: A disorder in which the muscles become weak and easily fatigued Symptoms include…… Droopy Eyelids & Double Vision

MUSCULAR SYSTEM REVIEW What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscle movement? Do muscles pull or push? How do muscles work together? Extensors do what? Flexors do what? The strongest muscle in the body is? The most important muscle in the body is? What keeps muscles strong? What is Tone? Name two muscles that work together. What jobs is the Muscular System responsible for? How do we take care of our Muscular System? What is the R.I.C.E. Method? Aches and Strains most often affect what kind of people? How does one avoid Injury to the muscles? Where do bruises occur? How does one end up with a hernia? Droopy Eyelids and Double vision are symptoms of what degenerative disease? What is the best way to prevent/ delay degenerative diseases? Name two diseases that affects the muscular system.