Farmers & The Populist Movement

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Presentation transcript:

Farmers & The Populist Movement Chapter 5 Section 3 US History (EOC)

Lesson Objectives: Students will be able to Identify the problems farmers faced and their cooperative efforts to solve them. Explain the rise and fall of the Populist Party.

Farmers Unite to Address Common Problems Economic Distress Farmers buy more land to grow more crops to pay off debts After Civil War, government takes greenbacks out of circulation Debtors have to pay loans in dollars worth more than those borrowed Prices of crops fall dramatically 1870s, debtors push government to put more money in circulation 1878 Bland-Allison Act—money supply increase not enough for farmers

Problems with the Railroads Lack of competition lets railroads overcharge to transport grain Farms mortgaged to buy supplies; suppliers charge high interest The Farmers’ Alliances 1867, Oliver Hudson Kelley starts Patrons of Husbandry or Grange Purpose is educational, social; by 1870s, Grange fighting railroads Farmers’ Alliances—groups of farmers and sympathizers lectures on interest rates, government control of railroads, banks gain over 4 million member

The Rise and Fall of Populism The Populist Party Platform Populism—movement of the people; Populist Party wants reforms Economic: increase money supply, graduated income tax, federal loans Political: Senate elected by popular vote; secret ballot; 8-hour day 1892, Populist candidates elected at different levels of government Democratic Party eventually adopts platform

The Panic of 1893 Railroads expand faster than markets; some go bankrupt Government’s gold supply depleted, leads to rush on banks businesses, banks collapse panic becomes depression

Silver or Gold Political divisions also regional: Republicans: Northeast business owners, bankers Democrats: Southern, Western farmers, laborers Bimetallism—system using both silver and gold to back currency Gold standard—backing currency with gold only Paper money considered worthless if cannot be exchanged for metal Silverites: bi-metalism would create more money, stimulate economy Gold bugs: gold only would create more stable, if expensive currency

Bryan and the “Cross of Gold” 1896, Republicans commit to gold, select William McKinley Democrats favor bimetallism, choose William Jennings Bryan Populists endorse Bryan, choose own VP to maintain party identity The End of Populism McKinley gets East, industrial Midwest; Bryan South, farm Midwest McKinley elected president; Populism collapses; leaves legacy: the powerless can organize, have political impact agenda of reforms enacted in 20th century