Agrarian Protest in the Late 19 th Century & the Crisis of the 1890’s The Prologue to Progressivism.

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Agrarian Protest in the Late 19 th Century & the Crisis of the 1890’s The Prologue to Progressivism

Sources of Agrarian Discontent Economic background: Tariff Inflation Gold Standard Sources of Agrarian Discontent: Deflation/High Tariffs Railroads Grain Companies Agricultural Equipment Manufacturers

Agrarian Responses Grange (late 1860s-early 1870s: IN, IL) Greenback Labor Party (late 1870s) Alliance Movement (1880s) Silver Movement (1880s) Sherman Silver Purchase Act (1890)

Populist/People’s Party, Omaha Platform: Subtreasury plan “Free Silver” at 16:1 Government control of Railroads, Telegraphs & Telephones Graduated Income Tax Direct Democracy: Direct Election of Senators Initiative Referendum Secret Ballot Proclamation of sympathy with labor movement

Tom Watson (Georgia)

Election of 1892 Grover Cleveland (Dem) (5,555,426 votes; 277 electoral votes) Benjamin Harrison, (Rep) (5,182,600 votes; 145 electoral votes) James B. Weaver, (Pop) (1,029,846 votes; 22 electoral votes) 74.7% Voter Participation Depression of

William Jennings Bryan (Nebraska)

Bryan animated

Election of 1896

William McKinley, (Rep) (7,102,246 votes; 271 electoral votes) William Jennings Bryan, (Dem, Pop) (6,492,559 votes; 176 electoral votes) 79.3% Voter Participation

1896 Election, McKinley V Bryan

2004 Election, Bush V Kerry

Crisis of the 1890’s Depression of Unemployment, wage cuts Labor Disputes: Homestead Strike (1892) Pullman Strike (1894) Coxey’s Army marches to D.C. (1894) Lattimer Massacre (1897) class conflict, industrial warfare, fear of immigration/European radicalism

Crisis of the 1890’s Political corruption urban problems: overcrowding, crime, disease “frontier anxiety”:loss of democracy, decline of manhood “Malthusian Alarmism” agrarian radicalism