Booklet directions Slides 2-8 of this powerpoint are not included in the booklet, they are only for class discussion (which we completed on Thursday 12/5/13) Cover of booklet – slide 9 Page 1 of booklet – slide 10 Page 2 of booklet – slide 11 Page 3 of booklet (divide in half) – slides 12 and 13. Page 4 of booklet (divide in three) – title is “Main Sequence Period”, slide 15 goes in the first section, slide 16 goes in the second section, slide 17 goes in the third section Page 5 of booklet - slide 18 Page 6 of booklet – slide 19 Page 7 of booklet – slide 20 Page 8 of booklet – slide 21 Page 9 of booklet – slide 22 Page 10 of booklet (divide in half) – slides 23 and 24 **Everything on these slides (text) should be in your booklet, if you want to go above and beyond you could print out pictures from the Hubble Telescope Gallery website and add a picture of each stage of the stars’ lifecycle (hint, hint, hint). Have a great snow day!!

Beyond Earth Use this powerpoint to make your foldable/booklet

Solar System A star and a group of planets that revolve around the star. Our solar system contains a star (the sun), nine planets, and thousands of asteroids. Our sun is located on the edge of the Milky Way galaxy.

Galaxy A System of stars, dust, and gases all heald together as a group by gravity. –Our solar system is part of the Milky Way galaxy. –There are more than a billion galaxies in the universe. **3 types of galaxies

Types of Galaxies Spiral Galaxies – shaped like discs with a bulge in the middle. Spiral arms seem to wind outward

Types of Galaxies Cont. Elliptical Galaxies – look like spheres or flattened spheres that are bright in the middle.

Types of Galaxies – Cont. Irregular Galaxies –No specific shape or pattern.

Other Important Vocabulary Clusters – a group of galaxies make up a cluster. –The milky way belongs to a cluster of 32 galaxies called the Local Group. Superclusters – a group of clusters Universe – all the superclusters form the universe. The universe consists of everything that exists in space.

Life Cycle of a Star (Cover of booklet)

Mass of star How long a star lives depends on how much mass it has A small mass star uses less fuel so it lasts longer so... The smaller the mass the longer it lasts

Life Cycle of a Star Nebula Protostar Red DwarfYellow Star Blue Giant Red Giant White Dwarf Black Dwarf Red Super Giant Supernova Black HoleNeutron Star The smaller the stars, the longer the life because they use up their fuel more slowly How long a star lives depends on the mass

Nebula All stars begin as parts of nebulas A large cloud of gas and dust large amount of gas in a small volume, very dense

Protostar The 1 st stage of a star’s life A contracting cloud of gas and dust Pressure and heat start nuclear fusion Different Masses mean different types of stars

Main Sequence Period The main life period of a star –Can be classified as: Red dwarf – small mass star Yellow star – medium mass star (our sun) Blue Giant – large mass star

Red Dwarf A small mass star Can last up to 200 billion years

Yellow Star A medium mass star (Average size, average temperature) Our sun is a yellow star Lives for 10 billion years

Blue Giant A large mass star times larger than the sun VERY hot Short lives because they have used up a lot of fuel

Red Giant The star runs out of fuel outer parts expand, then the core shrinks It turns red as it is cooling This phase will last until the star exhausts its remaining fuel. The pressure of the nuclear reaction is not strong enough to equalize the force of gravity so the star will collapse.

Red Super Giant The star runs out of fuel The core shrinks and the outer parts expand It turns red as it is cooling This phase will last until the star exhausts its remaining fuel. The pressure of the nuclear reaction is not strong enough to equalize the force of gravity so the star will collapse.

White Dwarf No more fuel left Faint glow from left over energy Outer parts drift out into space Small blue white hot core is left About the size of Earth

Supernova As the core shrinks, pressure increases Results in an explosion

Black Dwarf When the white dwarf stops glowing it is dead\very dense

Black Hole Remains of explosion collapse into a black hole Most large mass stars turn into black holes

Neutron Star After explosion some material left behind Forms a neutron star Dense and small