Automated Medicare decision support system

By Ahmed Atyya Ali Radwa Saeed Ammar Rana Samy Hammady Salsabeel Mouhamed Meriam Mouhamed Supervised By Dr. Islam T.El Kabani

We are trying to solve the problem of

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The Flow of the System

Diagnosis Dataware- house The Expert System First the client send the symptoms and signs for some patient’s ID to the Server The server by its role gets the history and analysis of the ID from the database ID Information Needed data Now the data needed for diagnosis are ready to be sent to the Expert System The Expert System sends back the Diagnosis to the server And from the Server back to the client with the Diagnosis The Main Server The Main Server client

Diagnosis The Expert System ID Information Needed data The Main Server The Main Server client Dataware- house

Datawarehouse Information ID ETL Data entry client

Tools used Tools used DBMS : My SQL to make operational database and data warehouse. Java for the entry client (GUI represent clients and transactions )

Data, Information, Knowledge Data Facts without meaning Information Organized data that has meaning and value Knowledge It’s the relation between data and information that use for information deduction.

Operational database  Current value data such as analysis data  Can be updated  Need normalization  It’s components Data Hardware Software Users

Data warehouse  Collection of data in support of management’s decision-making  Doesn’t need normalization  Non volatile  Time variant  Subject oriented

Multi-Tiered Architecture Data Warehouse Extract Transform Load Refresh Engine Expert system Monitor & Integrator Metadata Data Sources Front-End Tools Serve Data Marts Operational DBs other sources Data Storage Server

Data Warehouse Parts 1-The data warehouse itself, which contains the data and associated software 2-Data acquisition (back-end) software, which extracts data from legacy systems and external sources, consolidates and summarize them, and loads them into the data warehouse 3-Client (front-end) software, which allows users to access and analyze data in the warehouse

Diagnosis Dataware- house The Expert System ID Information Needed data The Main Server The Main Server client

Diagnosis ID Information Needed data The Main Server The Main Server client The traffic organizer Tool Used Java

 The server is a computer program that provides services to other programs in the same or other computers.  What is the main role of the server in the system?

It is the main connectivity tool between the modules of the system

Multithreading Is the capability of running multiple tasks concurrently within a program Thread Synchronization A shared resource may be corrupted if it is accessed simultaneously by multiple threads The synchronized keyword To avoid race conditions

Why is synchronization important in the Medicare System? The Main Server The Main Server client

The user interface

 The aggregate means by which the doctors interact with the system  It provides means of input which are the symptoms and the signs of patient  And means of output which is the diagnosis of the patient case

Diagnosis Dataware- house The Expert System ID Information Needed data The Main Server The Main Server client

Diagnosis Needed data The Expert System The brain of the system

 An Expert System is a program that behaves like an expert for some problem domain.  It should be capable of explaining its decisions and the underlying reasoning. Ours posses as a physician advisor

 Often an Expert System is expected to be able to deal with uncertain and incomplete information.  They are also called knowledge-based systems as they should posses knowledge in some form Some times the diagnosis is uncertain The set of diseases the expert system deal with

Main structure of an expert system Knowledge base:  Comprises the knowledge that is specific to the domain of the application  As simple facts about the domain  Rules that describe relations or phenomenon in the domain  Ideas of solving problems in this domain An inference engine: Knows how to actively use the knowledge in the base A user interface: Caters for smooth communication between the user and the system

Structure of the Expert System. Knowledge base Inference engine User interface User

Modularity Each rule defines a small relatively independent piece of knowledge Incrementability New rules can be added to the knowledge base relatively independently of other rules Modifiability (as a consequence of modularity) Old rules can be changed relatively independently of other rules Support system transparency The system’s ability to explain its decisions and solutions

 In backward chaining we start with a hypothesis and work backwards according to the rules in the knowledge base  It searches from goals to data, from diagnosis to findings,etc.  That’s why we coal it goal driven Backward chaining

 Doesn’t start with the hypothesis, but with some confirmed findings  It starts with what is already known, derives all conclusions that follow from this and adds them to the fact relation  From data to goals, from findings to explanation or diagnoses, etc.  That’s why we call it data driven  And that’s why ours is forward chaining Forward chaining

Introducing uncertainty  The representation assumes problem domains that answers all questions by either true or false, not somewhere between  Information about the problem to be solved can be incomplete or unreliable  Relations in the problem domain can be approximate

As we may not be quite sure that some symptom is present in the patient, or that some measurement data is absolutely correct. This requires probabilistic reasoning.

Decision Making Process of choosing amongst alternative courses of action for the purpose of attaining a goal or goals. The four phases of the decision process are  Intelligence  Design  Choice  Implementation

Decision-Making Intelligence Phase  Scan the environmen t  Analyze organizational goals  Collect data  Identify problem  Categorize problem Programmed and non-programmed Decomposed into smaller parts Assess ownership and responsibility for problem resolution

Decision Support Systems Intelligence Phase  Automatic Data Mining Expert systems, CRM, neural networks  Manual OLAP KMS  Reporting Routine and ad hoc

Design Phase  Generation of alternatives by expert system  Relationship identification used in models through OLAP and data mining  Business process modeling using CRM, RMS, ERP, and SCM  Recognition of the problem through KMS

Choice Phase  Identification of best alternative  Identification of good enough alternative  What-if analysis  Goal-seeking analysis  May use KMS, GSS, CRM, ERP, and SCM systems

Implementation Phase  Improved communications  Collaboration  Training  Supported by KMS, expert systems, EIS, GSS

Database Management System  Extracts data  Manages data and their relationships  Updates (add, delete, edit, change)  Retrieves data (accesses it)  Queries and manipulates data (Query Facility)  Employs data dictionary

Components of DSS - DSS Subsystems  Data management Managed by DBMS  Model management Managed by MBMS  User interface  Knowledge Management and organizational  knowledge base