Realism States main actors States are unitary States are rational States’ primary interest is national security

Realist assumptions Nation states are most important actors There is a sharp distinction between domestic and international politics International politics is a struggle for power The understand that struggle is the purpose for the IR discipline

Principles of realism Politics is governed by objective laws- rationality Concept of interest defined as power Key concept of interest is objective and universally valid Universal moral principles do not apply Politics is distinct from other spheres

Realist premises Countries have conflicting interests Different interests lead to confrontation Countries’ power determine outcome of conflict Therefore, politics aim to increase, keep and demonstrate power

Power vs.interests Is promotion of interest the goal? Is power the tool to achieve that interest? \ Or is power an end in itself?

Fundamental interests for all Physical survival Promote economic well being Preserve national self determination and identity These are the core values of foreign policy

Determinants of Power/capabilities Military Geographic Political Economic population

Morgenthau’s political realism All politics reveal 3 basic patterns of power Policy of status quo-aims at maintenance of power Policy of prestige-aims at demonstration of power Policy of imperialism-aims at increasing power

Differentiations for Power Usable versus unusable power Power versus Force Legitimate versus illegitimate power Power versus capabilities Power versus influence

Power Is multidimensional Is situational Is relative

Realism Operates on raison d’etat: realpolitik national interest is the driving force for state conduct Tool to promote that is power Foreign policy-operationalisation of national interest