A Functional Analysis of Aggression: Adaptive and Maladaptive Profiles Todd D. Little Key Collaborators: Stephanie M. Jones Christopher C. Henrich Patricia.

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A Functional Analysis of Aggression: Adaptive and Maladaptive Profiles Todd D. Little Key Collaborators: Stephanie M. Jones Christopher C. Henrich Patricia H. Hawley Jessica Brauner

Outline Highlight the Primary Views on the Structure of Agonistic Behaviors Present Our Multi-faceted Model of Aggression Focus on Typologies based on our Action- Theory Form vs. Function Analysis Touch on Differences in Reporters’ Perspectives Sample: 1,723 5 th -10 th Grade German Students

Contemporary Functional View Reactive Aggression: Aggression that appears to be an angry defensive response to frustration (goal blocking) or provocation and includes responses that are primarily interpersonal and hostile in nature (stems from frustration-aggression model). Proactive (Instrumental) Aggression: Aggression that occurs in anticipation of self-serving outcomes and is a deliberate behavior that is controlled by external reinforcements (stems from social learning theory formulations of aggression). - Coie & Dodge, 1998

Contemporary Forms View Overt (Direct, Physical)Aggression: Generally described as physical/verbal aggression (hitting or pushing, threatening to beat up others) directed at a target. Note: The functional distinctions have only been made for overt aggression. Relational (Covert, Indirect) Aggression: Behaviors that are intended to significantly damage another’s child’s friendships or feeling of inclusion by the peer group (e.g., purposefully withdrawing friendship or acceptance, spreading rumors, gossiping, etc.). - Crick & Grotpeter, 1995

FUSIA Fully Unified System Integrating Aggression

Overt Reactive Overt Instrumental A Unifying Model of Aggression

Overt Reactive Overt Instrumental Overt (Dispositional) Relational (Dispositional) A Unifying Model of Aggression

Overt Reactive Overt Instrumental Relational Reactive Relational Instrumental Overt (Dispositional) Relational (Dispositional) A Unifying Model of Aggression

Overt Reactive Overt Instrumental Relational Reactive Relational Instrumental Overt (Dispositional) Relational (Dispositional) A Unifying Model of Aggression

ReactiveInstrumentalReactiveInstrumental Overt (Dispositional) Relational (Dispositional) A Unifying Model of Aggression

ReactiveInstrumentalReactiveInstrumental Overt (Dispositional) Relational (Dispositional) ReactiveInstrumental A Unifying Model of Aggression

Overt (Dispositional) Relational (Dispositional) ReactiveInstrumental A Unifying Model of Aggression

Reactively Aggressive Instrumentally Aggressive Neither Both Primarily Instrumental Primarily Reactive ‘Typical’ range Sub-types of Aggression Based on Function

Inter-Reporter Relations Self Friend Peer Teacher Parent O R O R O R O R O R

Overt Aggression

Relational Aggression

Self-Reported Motivations

Self-Reported Personality

How They Feel

What Peers See

What Teachers See

Conclusions & Future Directions The Various Models of Aggression can be unified Allows differentiation of form vs function Facilitates identification of subtypes Provides a basis to examine under what conditions aspects of aggression are: adaptive and normative vs maladaptive and atypical Some Future Directions Examine the typological differences more closely Who are the Targets of the agonistic behavior? Replicate in U.S. context and examine over time

What Friends See