 What was the major difference in what Americans referred to as “old” immigration and “new” immigration?

 Assess how the growth of industry affected the movement of people into and within the United States.  Investigate the challenges presented to urban inhabitants.  Analyze the growth and influence of political machines.

 1830 to 1860: ◦ Mostly Irish and German ◦ Irish: no self rule and potato famine ◦ Germans: liberals and intellectuals after revolution of 1848  1860 to 1890: ◦ still mainly Northern Europeans (England, ◦ Germany, Scandinavia) ◦ many came to settle the frontier near growing railroads  Seen as an asset to the country.

 NEW IMMIGRATION 1890 to 1914: ◦ came in much larger numbers than earlier immigrants ◦ Mostly Southern and Eastern Europeans:  Italy, Greece, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Poland ◦ Settled mainly in cities near factories NOT frontier ◦ had more difficulty assimilating as they were different from Americans ◦ Italians and Greeks fled poverty ◦ Austrians and Russians fled heavy taxation and military service ◦ Jews fled persecution (Pogroms)

Peach 30% foreign born Green-20-30% foreign born Purple-10-20% Orange-1-10% Yellow-less than 1%

 Overt favoritism toward native-born Americans ◦ Right country ◦ Wrong country  Religious fears  Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 ◦ Banned the entry of all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials ◦ Lasted until 1943  Gentlemen’s Agreement ◦ San Francisco schools segregated ◦ Japan protested ◦ Schools desegregated ◦ Immigration limited

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