Chapter 1 Personal Development

Your Personality Section 1-1

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Objectives Explain how heredity and environment affect personality development. Formulate ways to enhance your personality. Compare and contrast self-concept and self-esteem. Identify suggestions for improving self-esteem.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. How Personality Develops Personality is the combination of traits that make you a unique personPersonality Traits are qualities that make you different from everyone elseTraits Heredity refers to the passing of traits to a new generationHeredity You receive inherited traits from your parentsinherited traits

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Environment Environment includes everything and everyone around youEnvironment Acquired traits develop as a result of your environmentAcquired traits Your family is important in shaping your personality Friends and classmates affect your acquired traits

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Changing Your Personality Your personality has taken form in early childhood You can change or improve some personality traits with effort –be more friendly –be less aggressive © auremar/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Your Self-Concept Self-concept is the mental image you have of yourselfSelf-concept Self-esteem is how you feel about yourselfSelf-esteem © Yuri Arcurs/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Improving Your Self-Esteem Build your self-confidence to help you deal with events in a positive wayself-confidence Develop healthy self-esteem by looking at your positive qualities Try not to compare yourself with others Learn to give and accept compliments

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Developing New Interests Improve your self-esteem by getting involved in groups and activities Learn new skills Pursue hobbies that interest you Keep an open mind and try new activities

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Developing a Positive Attitude Attitudes are feelings and opinions about someone or somethingAttitudes Optimists have positive attitudesOptimists Pessimists have negative attitudesPessimists A smile reflects healthy self-esteem and a positive attitude

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Section 1-1 Review List two factors in your environment that influence personality.  (List two:) family, friends, school Define the term self-esteem.  How you feel about yourself.

Growing and Changing Section 1-2

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Objectives Describe physical, intellectual, emotional, and social changes that occur during adolescence. Give examples of ways to handle negative emotions. Relate how the physical, intellectual, emotional, and social changes that take place during adolescence help you achieve certain developmental tasks.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Growth and Development There are three major stages in life –childhood –adolescenceadolescence –adulthood You are in the adolescent stage Many developmental tasks are achieved during adolescencedevelopmental tasks continued

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Growth and Development Four major types of changes occur during growth and development –physical changesphysical changes –intellectual changesintellectual changes –emotional changesemotional changes –social changessocial changes

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Physical Changes You may experience growth spurts during adolescencegrowth spurts Puberty is when your body matures sexuallyPuberty Hormones in your body influence growth and developmentHormones Individuals grow and develop at different rates

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Intellectual Changes About 80 percent of adult intellect is formed by age eight Reasoning abilities increase during adolescence © Lucky Business/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Emotional Changes Emotions are feelings you have about people and your surroundingsEmotions Emotions may become more intense during adolescence

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Negative Emotions Failing to control negative emotions, such as anger, jealousy, and fear, can affect your relationships with others Sharing negative feelings with a friend can be helpful Physical activity may change a negative mood

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Positive Emotions Happiness and love are examples of positive emotions Positive emotions make you feel good You should learn to express strong positive emotions in an appropriate way

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Social Changes Developing social skills is an important part of adolescence Learning how to act in various roles is a part of social developmentroles © Lisa F. Young/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Section 1-2 Review Define adolescence.  The stage of life between childhood and adulthood. List two examples of roles you currently fill.  (List two:) sister, brother, cousin, student, friend, team member.

Becoming Independent Section 1-3

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Objectives Explain how to achieve independence. Identify ways to show responsibility at home and at school. Demonstrate how to be a responsible citizen in your local and global communities.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Achieving Independence Those who have achieved independence are responsible for their own actionsindependence People start becoming independent during adolescence Responsibilities are duties or jobs that you must carry throughResponsibilities

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Accepting Responsibility Accepting responsibilities shows that you are becoming independent You can show responsibility by –doing what you say you will do –getting an after school or summer job –managing your money © iofoto/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Being Responsible for Yourself Part of growing up is accepting responsibility for yourself and making decisions –accept results for your actions –choose skills to develop –consider how your actions affect others

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Responsibilities at Home As a member of a family, you have responsibilities that may include –helping with housework –preparing meals –taking care of a younger brother or sister Handling responsibilities well shows that you are ready for more independence

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Responsibilities at School You have many responsibilities at school –arrive on time –complete your work on time –bring needed supplies –follow school rules Learning is your most important responsibility

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Responsibilities in the Community You have many responsibilities to the community as a citizencitizen You can display good citizenship bycitizenship –obeying laws –showing respect for authority figuresauthority figures –showing respect for other people and their property –using community property carefully

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Volunteering One way to show good citizenship is to volunteer by donating your money, materials, or time to help others Many places offer volunteer opportunities –hospitals –community centers –retirement homes © mangostock/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Section 1-3 Review Duties or jobs that you must carry through are called _____.  responsibilities List two examples that demonstrate accepting responsibility.  (List two:) being responsible for your home, school, community, and yourself

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Glossary acquired traits. Traits that develop as a part of the environment. adolescence. The stage between childhood and adulthood. attitudes. Feelings and opinions about someone or something.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Glossary authority figures. People who help guide the behaviors of others in the community by creating and enforcing rules designed to help and protect you and all other citizens in the community.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Glossary birth order. The order of birth that indicates whether you are the first, middle, or youngest child in your family. citizen. A member of the community. citizenship. Your status as a citizen with rights and responsibilities.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Glossary developmental tasks. Certain skills and behavior patterns that should be achieved within each stage of life. emotional changes. Changes that affect how you feel about situations and how you express those feelings.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Glossary emotions. Feelings about people and events in your life. environment. Everything and everyone around you, including family, home, friends, school, classmates, teachers, coaches, and community.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Glossary genes. Sections of the DNA molecule found in a person’s cells that determine the characteristics that will appear as a person grows and develops. growth spurts. Rapid periods of growth. heredity. The passing of traits from one generation of family to the next.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Glossary hormones. Chemicals produced in the body that influence the way you grow and develop. independence. A state of being in which people are responsible for their own actions and provide for their own needs and wants.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Glossary inherited traits. Traits you receive from your parents and ancestors. intellectual changes. Changes that take place as you learn more about the world around you. optimists. People who have positive attitudes.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Glossary personality. Combination of traits that makes you the person you are, including habits and feelings. pessimists. People who have negative attitudes.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Glossary physical changes. Changes that occur as your body grows and matures. puberty. The time when the body begins to mature sexually. responsibilities. Duties or jobs you must carry through.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Glossary role. A pattern of expected behavior. self-concept. The mental image you have of yourself. self-confidence. Assurance you have in yourself and your abilities. self-esteem. How you feel about yourself; how you view your worth as a person.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Glossary social changes. Changes that occur as you meet more people and learn how to get along with them. traits. Qualities that make you different from everyone else.