Some Terms Used to Describe Reproductive Patterns Oviparity - eggs develop outside the mother’s reproductive tract Iteroparity - capable of reproducing more than once Semelparity - capable of reproducing only once Ovoviviparity - eggs develop inside female’s reproductive tract without any additional nutrients beyond yolk. Viviparity - egg develops inside female’s reproductive tract with additional nutrients beyond yolk. Aplacental viviparity - no placenta present, so nutrients and gas exchange occur via other means Placental viviparity - placental exchange surface present Ovoviviparity and viviparity require internal fertilization.

Terms for Hermaphrodites Synchronous (ovary and testis function at same time). Examples include some seabasses (Serranidae) Protogynous (females change to males). Examples include some seabasses, wrasses and parrot fishes. Protandrous (males change to females).

Fig Ovotestes of a seabass (a hermaphrodite).

Fig Secondary sexual characters.

Fig Early development of sexually indifferent gonad.

Fig Later development of female and male gonads.

Fig Oviduct of chondrichthyan forms from archinephric duct.

Fig Mammalian seminiferous tubules and spermatogenesis.

Fig Spermatogenesis

Fig Testicular descent in human male.

Fig Urogenital system of a male toad.

Fig Section through a mammalian ovary.

Fig Section through frog ovary

Fig Lamprey.

Fig Reproductive ducts of males.

Fig Reproductive system of a male amniote, based on human.

Fig Differentiation of ducts in male and female mammals.

Fig Reproductive tracts of female anamniotes

Fig Egg case of an oviparous shark.

Fig Reproductive tracts of female turtle and bird.

Fig Reproductive tracts of female monotremes and marsupials.

Fig. Focus 21.2.

Fig Placental types for therian mammals.

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Fig Chorioallantoic placentae - exchange surfaces.

Fig Monotreme cloaca.

Fig Development of cloaca in eutherians.

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Fig. Focus 21.1.

Fig. Focus 21.2.