OBJECTIVE: Identify Different Interactions among species Interactions

 Habitat: The ecosystem in which an organism lives.

 Niche: Full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way the organism uses those conditions.

 A Niche Includes:  Food: What the organism eats, how it’s obtained, where is it on the food web? What eats it?  Abiotic Conditions: Non-living things needed to survive (sun, temperature, water, salt water, fresh water, heat, protection, etc.)  Behavior: When and how it reproduces, mating rituals, hibernation, defense mechanisms, different parts of the tree

 How is a niche different from a habitat? VSVS

 Competition: When organisms attempt to use an ecological resource at the same time in the same place.

 Competitive Exclusion Principle: Two species competing for the same resources cannot coexist if other ecological factors are constant.  When one species has even the slightest advantage or edge over another, the one with the advantage will dominate in the long term.  Behavioral shift, or evolutional shift to a different niche.

 Predation: When one organism captures and eats another organism.

 SYMBIOSIS is the interaction between 2 different organisms living together  HOST- usually the LARGER of the 2 organisms  SYMBIONT- usually the SMALLER member

 Is a relationship between the host and a symbiont, where both organisms benefit and neither is harmed.  The relationship can be long or short term.  For example, the host flower benefits by being pollinated by the traveling butterfly. The symbiont butterfly benefits from the nectar that it extracts from the flower.

 Is a relationship between the host and symbiont, where the symbiont benefits and the host is neither helped nor harmed.  The symbiont benefits by receiving transportation, housing, and/or nutrition.  For example, barnacles receive transportation from the host whale. The host whale is neither helped nor harmed by the barnacles.

 Is a relationship where the Symbiont lives in/on the Host  The Symbiont (or Parasite) BENEFITS  The Host is HARMED  For example, the tick in the picture above is a parasite. It benefits by extracting blood from its human host. The human is harmed because

 Write the partner, what happens in the relationship, and then identify the relationship as  Parasitism,  Mutualism, or  Commensalism

Barnacles attach themselves to whales and filter feed as whales swim through the water. This is an example of:COMMENSALISM

Oxpeckers eat ticks on the rhinoceros’s back. This is an example of:MUTUALISM

Stork cuts up dead animals that it eats with its beak. Bees lay eggs on the carcasses that provide food for the eggs. This is an example of:COMMENSALISM

Fleas live on the mouse and eats its blood. This is an example of:PARASITISM

Feed next to each other and warn each other when predators come. This is an example of:MUTUALISM

Cowbird follows the bison and eats the insects in the grass. This is an example of:COMMENSALISM

Live on deer and suck their blood. This is an example of:PARASITISM

Wrasse fish eats parasites on black sea bass. This is an example of:MUTUALISM

Attaches to shark and eats scraps from the shark’s meal. This is an example of:COMMENSALISM

Mistletoe grows on spruce trees and uses its water and nutrients. This is an example of:PARASITISM

Yucca moth pollinates yucca plant and lays its eggs on the flower. This is an example of:MUTUALISM

Attaches to shark and eats scraps from the shark’s meal. This is an example of:PARASITISM

Attaches to shark and eats scraps from the shark’s meal. This is an example of:MUTUALISM

Plovers clean the teeth of the crocodile without danger. This is an example of:MUTUALISM

Clownfish feeds on animals which could harm the sea anenome, and the sea anenome gets nutrients from clown fish waste. This is an example of:MUTUALISM