Introduction to the Age of Absolutism Chapter 4 section 1: Extending Spanish Power

Terms to Know! ABSOLUTE MONARCH: DIVINE RIGHT: A ruler whose power was not limited by having to consult with the nobles, common people, or their representatives DIVINE RIGHT: A belief that the monarchs received their power from God and therefore must not be challenged

Introduction: Absolute Monarch- a ruler whose power was not limited by having to consult with the nobles, common people, or their representatives Divine Right- a belief that the monarchs received their power from God and therefore must not be challenged

Charles I and the Habsburg Empire A. 1. Was born in Belgium and grew up speaking French 2. Became king of Spain at 16 years old because he was the grandson of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand B. Quick Learner: Spoke four languages 1. Spoke “Spanish to God, Italian to women, French to men, and German to his horse.” 2. Member of the ancient and powerful Hapsburg Family

Dominions of the House of Habsburg

Charles I becomes Charles V 1519, throne of Holy Roman Empire became vacant and Charles I buys the votes, becomes Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire consists of: Italy Austria Other German States

Fight for Power and Religious Disputes Charles V faced enemies on all sides of his vast empire, the Ottoman Turks, France, and German princes Because Charles V believed his power was acquired through divine right he felt an obligation to God to enforce religious unity, specifically Catholicism. 1. After years of religious warfare, Charles V had to sign the Peace of Augsburg, giving German princes the right to decide if their state would be Catholic or Protestant.

Abdication of Charles V Dividing an Empire Charles V gave up his thrones and joined a monastery in 1556. Gave Austria to Ferdinand, his brother and gave Philip II, his son, the Netherlands, Sicily, and Spain’s colonies in the New World. Abdication of Charles V

Charles I: “Plus Ultra” “Even Further” (his motto) Habsburg Jaw Caused by family’s inbreeding Usually ate alone

Spain’s Golden Age Philip’s reign saw a flourishing of cultural excellence in Spain Lasting legacy in literature, music, and the visual arts 1. Steady stream of gold & silver flowed from its American Colonies

Philip Marries Mary Tudor of England A. Philip was a devout Catholic and eventually married Mary Tudor 1. Arranged marriage to elevate Philip’s rank 2. Mary died 4 years later, they had no children

England vs. Spain England’s Queen Elizabeth I allowed ship captains to attack Spanish treasure ships to steal gold & silver for England King Philip II wanted to stop England from raiding ships Ordered navy to assemble a great fleet “Spanish Armada” (Battle of Gravelines)

The Spanish Armada: Why Spain Lost A. Spain used merchant ships as warships B. Ran out of cannons and improvised C. Low on supplies of water & food D. Calvary horses were cast overboard into the sea This conflict ended with the Spanish defeated and England victorious

The Spanish Armada