William G. Huitt Educational Psychology Interactive William G. Huitt Educational Psychology Interactive Last rev: June 2012.

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William G. Huitt Educational Psychology Interactive William G. Huitt Educational Psychology Interactive Last rev: June 2012

Classical Conditioning Theory Ivan Pavlov—Russian scientist trained in biology and medicine Studied digestive system in dogs

Classical Conditioning Overview/Review Organism treated as a “black box.” Antecedent stimulus “elicits” an involuntary response. Overview/Review Organism treated as a “black box.” Antecedent stimulus “elicits” an involuntary response. Stimulus (S) Organism (O) Response (R)

Classical Conditioning Also called respondent conditioning Starts with reflexive behavior such as blinking when puff of air is blown into eye Conditioning involves associating another stimulus with the stimulus that will elicit the reflexive behavior

Classical Conditioning The specific model for classical conditioning A stimulus will naturally (without learning) elicit or bring forth a reflexive response An Unconditioned Stimulus (US) elicits an Unconditioned Response (UR) The specific model for classical conditioning A stimulus will naturally (without learning) elicit or bring forth a reflexive response An Unconditioned Stimulus (US) elicits an Unconditioned Response (UR) A Neutral Stimulus (NS) – is noticed but does not elicit the involuntary response of interest

Classical Conditioning The specific model for classical conditioning A Neutral Stimulus (NS) – is noticed but does not elicit the involuntary response of interest The Neutral Stimulus (NS) is repeatedly paired with the Unconditioned (Natural) Stimulus NS  US; the US elicits the UR The specific model for classical conditioning A Neutral Stimulus (NS) – is noticed but does not elicit the involuntary response of interest The Neutral Stimulus (NS) is repeatedly paired with the Unconditioned (Natural) Stimulus NS  US; the US elicits the UR

Classical Conditioning The specific model for classical conditioning A Neutral Stimulus (NS) – is noticed but does not elicit the involuntary response of interest The Neutral Stimulus (NS) is repeatedly paired with the Unconditioned (Natural) Stimulus NS  US; the US elicits the UR The specific model for classical conditioning A Neutral Stimulus (NS) – is noticed but does not elicit the involuntary response of interest The Neutral Stimulus (NS) is repeatedly paired with the Unconditioned (Natural) Stimulus NS  US; the US elicits the UR Through the process of pairing, the NS is transformed into a Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Classical Conditioning Theory Primarily observed in conditioning of emotional behavior Stimuli that automatically elicit a specific emotion (happy, sad, excited, fearful, etc.) become associated with neutral stimuli that gain child’s attention. Primarily observed in conditioning of emotional behavior Stimuli that automatically elicit a specific emotion (happy, sad, excited, fearful, etc.) become associated with neutral stimuli that gain child’s attention.

Classical Conditioning Theory Primarily observed in conditioning of emotional behavior School, classroom, teacher, subject matter, and even other students are initially neutral stimuli that gain child’s attention. Primarily observed in conditioning of emotional behavior School, classroom, teacher, subject matter, and even other students are initially neutral stimuli that gain child’s attention. Activities at school or in the classroom automatically elicit emotional responses (e.g., child is does not do well on a lesson or is bullied by other students

Classical Conditioning Theory Primarily observed in conditioning of emotional behavior After repeated associations of Neutral Stimuli and Unconditioned Stimuli, they become associated Primarily observed in conditioning of emotional behavior After repeated associations of Neutral Stimuli and Unconditioned Stimuli, they become associated The NS is transformed into a CS; it will elicit the emotional response when it is presented (or even thought about by the child)

Classical Conditioning Theory Primarily observed in conditioning of emotional behavior Child is harassed at school. Child feels fearful when harassed. Child associates being harassed and school. Primarily observed in conditioning of emotional behavior Child is harassed at school. Child feels fearful when harassed. Child associates being harassed and school. Child begins to feel fearful at school or even simply thinking about school.

Classical Conditioning Theory Primarily observed in conditioning of emotional behavior In order to extinguish the connected between feeling fearful and thinking of school, the associated connection between school and being harassed must be broken. Primarily observed in conditioning of emotional behavior In order to extinguish the connected between feeling fearful and thinking of school, the associated connection between school and being harassed must be broken. Talking will not work; the associated stimuli must be disconnected.

Behavioral Learning Theories To learn about operant conditioning