Human Body Systems Create by Mrs. Herman 2013

Levels of Organization

ATOMS Smallest part of matter NON-living

Molecules 2 or more bonded atoms Form compounds NON-living

Organelles “Tiny organs” Made of macromolecules Nucleus, ribosomes

Cell Made of organelles Basic unit of life Different types of cells have different functions LIVING

Tissue A lot of the same kind cell working together Living

Organs Tissues that work together Living Heart, Brain, Lungs Kidney

Organ Systems Organs that work together Living Skeletal Muscular Circulatory

Organism Entire living things(organisms) Usually made of systems May be a single cell Living

Cell Cells are organized in tissues. Different tissues working together to perform a particular job are called organ. Groups of organs that work together to complete a series of tasks are called a system. Many systems working together make up an organism. Tissue Organ System Organism

What is homeostasis? Homeostasis (Greek for “staying the same”) is a process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment. All of your body's systems work together maintain homeostasis inside of your body.

Skeletal System What is the skeletal system? What is the function? Bones, cartilage, joints and other structures. What is the function? give us shape and support Enables us to move protect our internal organs Store calcium, minerals and fat Produce blood cells http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX0a5c1b677557007c776141&t=Skeletal-System

Joints and ligaments Joints are the place where two bones meet. Ligaments are the tissue that connect bones to other bones.

Muscular System What is a muscle? Made of strong tissue that can contract in an orderly way. Function: Attached to bones to provide support and balance Protect your body Helps body maintain a constant temperature. http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX710e4305426d0d0f607351&t=Skeletal-System

Voluntary vs. Involuntary muscles Voluntary - muscles are the ones that you can control. Some examples include your muscles to move your arm or legs. Involuntary muscles don't need the brain to send them messages. Some examples are:  the muscles in your heart, the muscles in your digestive system which move food down to your stomach and The tiny muscles at the bottom of the hairs on your arms which make your hairs stand up when you are cold, or suddenly feel scared.

Types of muscles Cardiac – involuntary muscle that is found only in the heart Skeletal – the type of muscle that attaches to bone. Smooth – involuntary muscles. Contraction of the smooth muscles help move material through the body such as food in the stomach or controls the movement of blood through vessels.

Homeostasis Muscular system helps the body maintain homeostasis by: Muscle contractions help to keep your body warm Heart muscles contract more often during exercise to get more oxygen to your cells and release carbon dioxide.

Digestive System http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/_bfs_DSmoviesource.html

Digestive System Function: to turn the food you eat into useful energy for your body. 4 steps of the digestive system Ingestion – the act of eating or putting food in your mouth Digestion – the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb. Absorption – nutrients and water are taken in by cells Elimination – removal of undigested food and other waste from the body

Digestive System & Homeostasis The digestive system maintains homeostasis by providing nutrients (fuel) for all other body systems.

Several different body systems make up the excretory system. Function: collects and eliminates wastes from the body and regulates the level of fluid in the body. Several different body systems make up the excretory system.

Types of Excretion Urinary System processes, transports, collects and removes liquid waste Respiratory System removes carbon dioxide and water vapor Integumentary System (skin) secretes excess salt and water though the sweat glands. Digestive System removes unused, solid waste

Organs of the Urinary System kidney ureter bladder urethra

Respiratory System http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/RSmovie.html Function: to bring oxygen into the body and get rid of carbon dioxide. Parts of the Respiratory System include: Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs Alveoli

Maintaining Homeostasis The muscular system (diaphragm) interacts with the respiratory system (lungs) so you can breathe.

Circulatory System Also called your Cardiovascular System Made up of the heart, blood and blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) Your body's delivery system. Blood moving from the heart, delivers oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body. On the return trip, the blood picks up waste products so that your body can get rid of them

Blood Function: Blood connects the circulatory system with all other body systems. It transports substances throughout the body, helps protect against infection and helps regulate your body’s temperature.

Parts of Blood Red Blood Cells – carry oxygen. White Blood Cells – fight infections. Platelets – help you stop bleeding. Plasma – yellow liquid that carries nutrients, hormones and proteins.

The Heart http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/body_basics/heart.html

Immune and Lymphatic System

Function of the Immune System The immune system defends the body against germs and microorganisms every day. Different parts of your body work together to keep pathogens (something that causes disease like bacteria, viruses or harmful chemicals) from making you sick.

Parts of the Immune System The immune system is made up of special cells, proteins, tissues, and organs.

First Line of Defense Function: keeping germs from reaching parts of the body. http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/ISmovie.html

White blood cells – attack pathogens Second Line of Defense White blood cells – attack pathogens Inflammatory response – cleans injured area and keeps infection from spreading.

Third Line of Defense Third line defenders called antibodies are specific to foreign substances antigens.

Vocabulary Definition antigen A substance that causes an immune response antibody Can attach to the antigen and make it useless B cell Form and mature in the bone marrow and secrete antibodies into the blood T cell Form in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland. They produce a protein antibody that becomes part of a cell membrane. allergy An overly sensitive immune response to a common antigen.

The resistance to specific pathogen. What is Immunity The resistance to specific pathogen. The immune system works to maintain homeostasis by protecting against invaders.

Lymphatic System The Lymphatic System is part of the immune system and helps destroy microorganisms that enter the body.

Functions of the Lymphatic System absorbs some of the tissue fluid that collects around cells. absorbs fats from the digestive system and transports them to the circulatory system. filters dead cells, viruses, bacteria, and other unneeded particles from tissue fluid and then returns the tissue fluid to the circulatory system. helps fight off illness and infections and includes structures in which white blood cells develop.

Parts of the Lymphatic System Lymph Vessels Lymph Nodes Bone Marrow Thymus Spleen Tonsils

Lymphatic System and Homeostasis regulating fluid buildup around cells. supports the circulatory system by cleaning fluids and replacing them in the bloodstream. supports overall health by helping fight infection.

The Nervous System The Nervous System is the part of an organism that gathers, processes and responds to information.

Function of the Nervous System Gathering Information Responding to Stimuli Maintaining Homeostasis

Parts of the Nervous System The Central Nervous System the brain The spinal cord The Peripheral Nervous System Somatic system – controls the skeletal muscles Autonomic system – controls smooth and cardiac muscles

How it works Neurons – nerve cells are the basic functioning unit of the nervous system

A dendrite receives information from another neuron or from another cell in your body. The cell body processes that information The axon sends information out to another neuron or cell in your body.

The Brain – the Control Center Function- It receives information, processes it and sends out a response. It also stores information as memories.

3 parts – 3 functions Cerebrum – controls memory, language and thought. Cerebellum – coordinates voluntary muscle movement and regulates balance and posture. (stores information about those movements about riding a bicycle or tying a shoe) Brain stem – controls involuntary functions. (sneezing, swallowing and coughing)

Maintaining Homeostasis Your body maintains homeostasis by receiving information from your environment and responding to it. The nervous system signals other systems such as the digestive, endocrine, and the circulatory system