The Muscular System

Basics Facts BASIC FUNCTIONS -Controls Movement -Voluntary vs Involuntary -Support -Stores Minerals -Tissues: bones, ligaments, cartilage, tendons, skeletal muscles -Fibroblast-Mother cell

THREE MUSCLE TYPES Smooth- found in the linings of organs; protection -Involuntary -Thin and Striated

THREE MUSCLE TYPES Skeletal- Controls skeletal movement -Voluntary -Brain Protection

THREE MUSCLE TYPES Cardiac- controls beating of heart -Contractions -Involuntary

MOVEMENTS How it all connected?? -Tendons Skeletal muscle attaches to bone -Ligaments Attaches muscle to muscle -Muscle Fibers Pull and contracting form movement

Movement 3 Is ? -Muscles are classified by shape and size Nervous and Muscular System -Direct Relation

Muscle Fibers Muscle nerves trigger TWO MAIN PROTEINS -Actin -Myosin -Tropomyosin- forms contractions; blocks interactions -Troponin-protein that inhibits contraction

Muscle Contraction Calcium Ions must be present -ATP- Provides energy for contraction -Tropomyosin BLOCKS Myosin (Myosin=Binding site of Actin) -Troponin + Tropomyosin= Position Change Then Actin can bind with Myosin

Muscle Contraction Cont. STEPS OF CONTRACTION 1) Nerve cell forms neuroplastic junction and releases Ca++ 2)Ca++ forms ACh which binds with sarcolemma 3)ACh binds releasing Na --> Depolarizes 4)Ca++ is released 5) Sliding filament theory Actin binds with Myosin

Muscle Contraction Cont. 6) Ca++ removes from cytoplasm 7) Tropomyosin blocks actin site

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Properties All-Or-None Principle -Response independent to stimulus strength Tetany -Muscle seizure caused by low calcium Fatigue -Tiredness due to overexertion; to much energy need rest

Connections Muscle --> Nervous System -Synapsis send signals to muscle to contract Muscle --> Circulatory System -Muscle contractions pump blood through body Muscle --> Skeletal System -Maintains structure of bones

DISEASES

Diseases Myopathy- skeletal muscle; causes weakness and atrophy; caused by old age and drugs Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-muscle fatigue; headaches, sore throats, muscle and joint pain Fibromyalgia-pain, fatigue. Found more often in women than in men; Ages

Diseases Muscle Dystrophy-weakness; muscle degrades and fat replaces it. Dermatomyositis-inflammation of muscle tissues; found more often in women than in men.

Disease Polymyositis-inflammation of connective tissues; weakening of muscles and atrophy Rhabdomyolysis-muscle fiber breakdown; Fibers --> circulatory system; Kidney problems Compartment Syndrome- Compression of nerves and blood vessels; Causes pressure and swelling.

MADE BY Jessica Kronberg Daniel Grant Doug Cassetta Frank Liang