HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 1 Chapter 8 POLITICS IN THE GILDED AGE Section 1: Political Machines Section 2: Restoring Honest Government Section 3: The Populist Movement

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 2 Objectives: How did political machines emerge in U.S. cities? How did political machines emerge in U.S. cities? Why were immigrants important to political machines? Why were immigrants important to political machines? How did corruption and illegal activities develop in many political machines? How did corruption and illegal activities develop in many political machines? What events led to the collapse of public support for the Tweed Ring? What events led to the collapse of public support for the Tweed Ring? Section 1: Political Machines

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 3 Political machines Political machines controlled votes by offering jobs, political favors, and services to loyal supporters. Section 1: Political Machines

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 4 Importance of immigrants easily accessible—could be welcomed on arrival easily accessible—could be welcomed on arrival had many needs for housing, jobs, and services had many needs for housing, jobs, and services represented a huge supply of supporters and voters represented a huge supply of supporters and voters tended to be loyal to machines tended to be loyal to machines Section 1: Political Machines

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 5 Corruption and illegal activities Machines hired men to “vote early and often.” Machines hired men to “vote early and often.” Bosses took bribes, payoffs, and kickbacks. Bosses took bribes, payoffs, and kickbacks. Section 1: Political Machines

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 6 Collapse of Tweed’s support Thomas Nast’s cartoons revealed Tweed’s corruption, even to people who couldn’t read very well. Thomas Nast’s cartoons revealed Tweed’s corruption, even to people who couldn’t read very well. The New York Times published a series of articles exposing Tweed. The New York Times published a series of articles exposing Tweed. Section 1: Political Machines

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 7 Objectives: What scandals plagued the Grant administration? What scandals plagued the Grant administration? Why did Americans want political reform, and how did this desire affect the Republican Party? Why did Americans want political reform, and how did this desire affect the Republican Party? Why did President Arthur’s positions on civil service reform change, and how did this affect his political party? Why did President Arthur’s positions on civil service reform change, and how did this affect his political party? How did President Harrison deal with President Cleveland’s reforms? How did President Harrison deal with President Cleveland’s reforms? Section 2: Restoring Honest Government

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 8 Scandals in the Grant administration the gold market scandal the gold market scandal the Crédit Mobilier scandal the Crédit Mobilier scandal the Whiskey Ring scandal the Whiskey Ring scandal Section 2: Restoring Honest Government

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 9 Desire for reform Americans wanted political reform and honest officials because corruption had become so widespread. This desire split the Republican Party into the Stalwarts and the Half-Breeds. Section 2: Restoring Honest Government

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 10 President Arthur Arthur began to support reform after the assassination of President Garfield, and this led to reform Republicans voting for Cleveland, the Democratic candidate, in the election of Section 2: Restoring Honest Government

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 11 Harrison’s response to Cleveland’s reforms returned to political patronage returned to political patronage spent money on Republican pet projects spent money on Republican pet projects Section 2: Restoring Honest Government

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 12 Objectives: What factors led to economic hardships for farmers? What factors led to economic hardships for farmers? What did the farmers’ movements hope to achieve, and what weakened their efforts? What did the farmers’ movements hope to achieve, and what weakened their efforts? Why did farmers support money backed by silver? Why did farmers support money backed by silver? What issues did the Populist Party support? What issues did the Populist Party support? How did silver affect the economy and the 1896 presidential election? How did silver affect the economy and the 1896 presidential election? Section 3: The Populist Movement

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 13 Economic hardships for farmers heavy debts heavy debts high freight and machinery costs high freight and machinery costs falling crop prices falling crop prices Section 3: The Populist Movement

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 14 Farmer’s movements hoped to pressure states to regulate freight and grain-storage rates hoped to pressure states to regulate freight and grain-storage rates formed cooperatives formed cooperatives offered low-cost insurance offered low-cost insurance lobbied for graduated income tax lobbied for graduated income tax weakened by government limits on the power of ICC weakened by government limits on the power of ICC weakened by racial segregation weakened by racial segregation Section 3: The Populist Movement

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 15 Money backed by silver Farmers supported money backed by silver because they wanted to increase the paper money supply. As long as only gold was allowed to back paper, the money supply was restricted by how much gold the treasury had. Section 3: The Populist Movement

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 16 Populist Party issues graduated income tax graduated income tax bank regulation bank regulation government ownership of railroad and telegraph companies government ownership of railroad and telegraph companies free coinage of silver free coinage of silver immigration restrictions immigration restrictions shorter workday shorter workday voting reforms voting reforms Section 3: The Populist Movement

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 17 The effects of silver Silver was a central issue in the 1896 presidential campaign. Silver was a central issue in the 1896 presidential campaign. Populists supported Bryan because of his stand on silver. Populists supported Bryan because of his stand on silver. William McKinley won the election with the support of business leaders who opposed free silver. William McKinley won the election with the support of business leaders who opposed free silver. Section 3: The Populist Movement