Explain what the Dawes Act and the Homestead Act did. Bell Ringer Explain what the Dawes Act and the Homestead Act did.

Discussion Questions Explain Social Darwinism and laissez-faire economics, and how they fit together. Explain why people like Rockefeller and Carnegie formed trusts. Put the following into one paragraph: collective bargaining, tenements, I.W.W., A.F.L., Robber Barons

Politics in the late 1800’s Unit 6 #6 Cities had grown at a very fast rate. Local governments could not keep up with the increased demands of the growing cities. In a time period known for Social Darwinism, cities were receptive to a new power structure and new politician. Unit 6 #6

The Political Machine City Boss Ward Boss Precinct Captain Definition: organized group that controlled the activities of the political party in a city; offered services to voters and businesses in exchange for political or financial support A Political Boss may or may not be the actual mayor of the city, but certainly controlled the city and its government jobs City Boss This type of system helped immigrants naturalize, find jobs and housing in exchange for their votes Ward Boss Precinct Captain

Bell Ringer What were the 2 reasons the Louisiana Purchase was so important? What was the impact of Marbury v. Madison? What are the 2 ways the US Constitution can be changed to allow it to function as our plan for government still?

Graft and Scandal The Political Machine fell victim to corruption. When votes weren’t enough, some used fake names and had people vote numerous times in order to win elections. Graft- illegal use of political influence for personal gains Kickback- illegal payment for services The Tweed Ring Scandal Boss Tweed, head of Tammany Hall (NYC’s Democratic Political Machine), Defrauded NYC by charging $13 Million for a project that cost $3 Million. Eventually cause and served 12 years in prison.

Patronage & Reform Giving government jobs to people who helped the candidate get elected. Often times, people were not qualified for the jobs. Many people wanted civil service exams to be offered so that jobs would go to the most qualified person. Rutherford B. Hayes tried to reform patronage but could not get it by congress, used alternative means by giving independents jobs in cabinet and investigating patronage claims  made the “Stalwarts” angry (a supporter of political boss Roscoe Conkling)

Patronage & Reform James Garfield is elected in 1880, and again gave patronage jobs to independents (which angered stalwarts again) Garfield (20th President) was assassinated by a stalwart in hopes his replacement Chester A. Arthur would give stalwarts the patronage jobs. Arthur did the opposite by urging congress to pass the first civil service law

Pendleton Civil Service Act 1883 Based federal job appointments on a standardized test score. This was supported by both Democrats and Republicans in Congress!

Impact of Civil Service Act Politicians looked to Big Business for campaign money (now that they were no longer getting money from individuals as part of the patronage system) Big Business wanted high tariffs to promote their own goods, while Democrats wanted low tariffs to promote low prices in the market. 1884 = Grover Cleveland – tried to lower tariffs 1888 = Ben Harrison – raised tariffs (campaign funded by big business) 1892 = Cleveland elected again – lowered tariffs 1896 = William McKinley – raised tariffs