AP Psychology Test Review Human Development

Which of the following is NOT a reflexive or sensory capacity that would be present in a newborn? Choosing between different colors Clinging to a caregiver Responding to stimulation Discriminating between good and bad odors Distinguishing between tastes with different amounts of sweetness 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Assimilation Permutation Imprinting Attachment Centration 25 In the Looney Toons cartoon, when the little chick follows Fog Horn Leg Horn around and believes that he is the chick’s mother, ____ could be said to have taken place. Assimilation Permutation Imprinting Attachment Centration 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

The notion that development occurs in well-defined stages: Assumes a learning perspective Is supported by interactionist theory Is consistent with the process of cumulative action Assumes that behavior is mainly determined by nature Endorses the discontinuity view 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

What is the response pattern of securely attached children in the Strange Situation when their mothers return? They tend to ignore their mothers because they are secure about her care Sometimes they run over to their mothers and sometimes the do not; there’s no consistent pattern in their responses They tend to go to their mothers for comfort They tend to run over to their mothers and beg them not to leave again. They hit their mothers 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Operations Phonemes Strategies Schemas Imprints Piaget used this term to refer to the mental structures that guide thoughts: Operations Phonemes Strategies Schemas Imprints 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3 Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3 Participant 4 Participant 5

Competence Trust Inferiority Mistrust Autonomy 25 When baby Stephanie starts crying, her mother or father hurries to see if she needs anything, and they comfort her when she is upset. According to Erikson, Stephanie is likely to develop: Competence Trust Inferiority Mistrust Autonomy 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Fluid; fixed Fixed; fluid Fluid; crystallized Crystallized; fluid With aging there is a decline of __________ intelligence, but not of __________ intelligence. Fluid; fixed Fixed; fluid Fluid; crystallized Crystallized; fluid Cerebral; Static 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Zone of Proximal Development Lee Vygotsky discussed this concept which describes how children quietly and discreetly take in information from their environment. Centration Zone of Proximal Development Internalization Animism Collectivism 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

According to Erikson, Initiative and independence are fostered by Restricting a child’s play and creativity Identity vs. role confusion Encouragement from parents when a child plans to do something on their own Mastering Fitting in socially :25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Contact Comfort Feeding Aesthetic Needs Incentive Theory Gender Schema Harlow’s experiment with the rhesus monkeys and surrogate mothers emphasized the importance of: Contact Comfort Feeding Aesthetic Needs Incentive Theory Gender Schema 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3 Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3 Participant 4 Participant 5

A critical period is a stage in development when: Specific stimuli have a major effect on development that they do not produce at other times Children are resistant to any kind of discipline by their parents New learning is prevented by older learning Bonding between the child and parent first takes place The child first enters elementary school and needs positive reinforcement 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

In regard to the nature vs. nurture controversy, most researchers: Feel that nature is clearly more important Feel that nurture is clearly more important Are more interested in the interaction of nature and nurture Believe that changes are gradual over time Accept that development occurs in stages :25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Centration Assimilation Conservation Irreversibility Object Permanence Joey knows that his dog at home has four legs, a tail, and fur. While watching a horse race, he notices that the horses also have four legs, a tail, and fur, so he shouts out, “Doggies!” Joey is demonstrating: Centration Assimilation Conservation Irreversibility Object Permanence :25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Rejecting-neglecting Authoritarian Jamal’s parents often allow him to make decisions, such as when to set his curfew and what types of chores he will do around the house. They are warm and communicative with Jamal but give him the freedom to make his own decisions. It seems as if his parents are using the following parenting style: Authoritative Permissive Uninvolved Rejecting-neglecting Authoritarian :25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Temperaments Interactions Teratogens Assimilations Accommodations Substances from the environment, including viruses, drugs, and other chemicals that can damage the developing organism during the prenatal period are called: Temperaments Interactions Teratogens Assimilations Accommodations :25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3 Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3 Participant 4 Participant 5

Research on parenting styles has shown this parenting style to be the most effective: 25 Authoritative Permissive Neglecting Authoritarian Accepting 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Obedience and punishment Individualism and exchange If Heinz decides to choose to steal the drug in Kohlberg’s “Heinz Dilemma”, which main stage of moral development is he exercising? 25 Obedience and punishment Individualism and exchange Universal principles Maintaining social order Interpersonal relationships 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which of the following is Erikson’s last stage which he believes everyone must face? 25 Integrity vs. despair Initiative vs. guilt Trust vs. mistrust Generativity vs. stagnation Autonomy vs. shame and doubt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which of the following is not a reflex a newborn would exhibit? 25 Rooting Babinski Moro (Heisman) Grasping Rocking 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Cross-sectional Quasi-experimental Cohort-sequential Longitudinal Developmental psychologist would use this type of research study to gather large amounts of information over large amounts of time: 25 Cross-sectional Quasi-experimental Cohort-sequential Longitudinal Retrospective 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3 Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3 Participant 4 Participant 5