Intelligence: Chapter 8

Review  Which model of intelligence claims that there are 3 types of intelligence?  What are they?  Which theory did Gardner create?  Of these two theories, which do you think explains our intelligence best?  What does mental age tell us?  Which scale uses the following formula to formulate IQ? IQ= MA/CA  What is the main advantage of the Wechsler Scale?

Review Continued  What is the average range of IQ (66% of population)?  What IQ is considered MR? Gifted?  What are some of the causes of MR?  Please note that the “current” term to use is “Intellectual Disability.” We use the term MR only in the strictest psychological sense of the word.

The Testing Controversy So, you AP kids are smart, right?

The Chitling Test of Intelligence Let’s see just how smart y’all are

Chitling Test Pg 1  A "gas head" is a person who has a: (a) fast-moving car, (b) stable of "lace," (c) "process," (d) habit of stealing cars, (e) long jail record for arson.  "Bo Diddley" is a: (a) game for children, (b) down-home cheap wine, (c) down-home singer, (d) new dance, (e) Moejoe call.  "Hully Gully" came from: (a) East Oakland, (b) Fillmore, (c) Watts, (d) Harlem, (e) Motor City.  Cheap chitlings (not the kind you purchase at a frozen food counter) will taste rubbery unless they are cooked long enough. How soon can you quit cooking them to eat and enjoy them? (a) 45 minutes, (b) 2 hours, (c) 24 hours, (d) 1 week (on a low flame), (e) 1 hour.

Chitling Test Pg. 2  What are the "Dixie Hummingbirds?" (a) part of the KKK, (b) a swamp disease, (c) a modern gospel group, (d) Deacons.  If you throw the dice and 7 is showing on the top, what is facing down? (a) 7, (b) snake eyes, (c) boxcars, (d) little Joes, (e) 11.  "Jet" is: (a) an East Oakland motorcycle club, (b) one of the gangs in "West Side Story," (c) a news and gossip magazine, (d) a way of life for the very rich.

Chitling Test Pg. 3  T-Bone Walker got famous for playing what? (a) trombone, (b) piano, (c) "T-flute," (d) guitar, (e) "hambone."  "Bird" or "Yardbird" was the "jacket" that jazz lovers from coast to coast hung on: (a) Lester Young, (b) Peggy Lee, (c) Benny Goodman, (d) Charlie Parker, (e) "Birdman of Alcatraz.”

Chitling Test Pg. 4  "Money don't get everything it's true." (a) but I don't have none and I'm so blue, (b) but what it don't get I can't use, (c) so make do with what you've got, (d) but I don't know that and neither do you.  How much does a short dog cost? (a) $0.15, (b) $2.00, (c) $0.35, (d) $0.05, (e) $0.86 plus tax.  Many people say that "Juneteenth" (June 19) should be made a legal holiday because this was the day when: (a) the slaves were freed in the USA, (b) the slaves were freed in Texas, (c) the slaves were freed in Jamaica, (d) the slaves were freed in California, (e) Martin Luther King was born

Chitling Answers 1. C 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. B 11. A 12. B

How’d you do? I thought this one was kind of easy!

Testing Controversy  Food For Thought (Southern Fried, of course!)  What if your college admission was based on this test?  Would that be a fair assessment of your academic aptitude?  If not, why is this not fair?  Think about the PSSA. Should the PSSA be administered in a students native language (if other than English)?

Why does this matter? Where does intelligence come from and what are we measuring?

Return to an ongoing theme: Nature vs. Nurture

Genetic Influence on Intelligence?  Guiding Question: How do psychologist determine if genetics plays a factor in our intelligence?  Kinship Studies- Studies of closely related family members  Twin Studies- Studies of twins  Identical (MZ) and raised together  Identical and raised apart  Fraternal (DZ) and raised together  Fraternal and raised apart  Adoptee Studies- Comparison of IQ between children, biological parents, and adoptive parents

Results  Identical twins raised together: Highest CORRELATION in IQ Scores  Cousins: Lowest Correlation in IQ Scores  Conclusions:  Heritability of intelligence is between 40% and 60%  Result from Twin Studies  Adopted children’s IQ is more correlated with biological parents than adoptive parents

Environmental Influences  Let’s revisit first conclusion of twin studies  Heritability of intelligence is between 40% and 60%  What accounts for the other 60%-40%? ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE  Methods for studying Environmental Influence:  Manipulation of Testing Situation  Home Environment Observation  Educational Programs

Results of Studies  Testing Situation  Reduced test anxiety increases IQ test results  Stereotype Vulnerability - potential for “self destruction”  Home Environment  Children of mothers who are responsive, encourage independence, buy “appropriate” toys, provide safe and organized home tend to score higher on IQ measurements.  Education  Advantages of Head Start Program for disadvantaged children have long-term effects

One Final Question, and this is an important one.  If you were raised in an environment other than the one in which you were, would you be where you are today?  If you grew up in an area that was marked by poverty, where it was days between meals…  If you grew up in a house in which your 16 th birthday present was any car in the world, and an all expenses paid trip to anywhere in the world…

Exit Ticket  3 things you learned  2 questions you still have  1 thing you want to know more about