DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Objective General Provide the scientific framework of the OL Trap Program of Dengue vector control 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Objective Specific Explain the concept of vector control Explain dengue vector control Explain Integrated Vector Control (IVC) and Integrated Vector Management (IVM) Discuss the components of IVC from vector biology to control measures 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Objective Specific Describe vector surveillance as it applies to dengue OL Trap in a classroom setting Answer the fourteen questions enumerated in the situationer 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Objective Specific Identify the following Mosquito eggs in a lawanit paddle Ovitrap (black tumbler and paddle) Mosquito larva Pupae Positive/negative trap Adults Entomological forms (Ovitrap/OL Trap) Pellets 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Situationer Urban / semi-urban setting Big public elementary school in City “X” 3-story building (~30-35 feet) 10 classrooms per floor 16x20 feet per room) 50-55 pupils occupy one classroom from 8am-5pm 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Situationer ~ 1,200-1,500 pupils No electric fans in the classrooms One aircon and/or electric fan at principal’s office Houses near the school Presence of flower vases, water containers Click Here 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Questions How many ovitraps/OL Traps are needed to be installed in the elementary school? Where should the traps be installed? When should the traps be installed? How frequent should the traps be installed? 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Questions What is the procedure to be followed in installing the traps? In servicing the traps? What is the meaning of servicing the traps? Who will install and service the traps? 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Questions Who will monitor and check the traps? Monitor Empty tumbler Missing tumbler/paddle Check If positive/negative? Is there a form to be filled-out? 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Questions What index needs to be obtained? What formula is to be used? What is the meaning of the index obtained? Who will record and compute for the index? 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Questions To whom should the data be submitted to? Why? For how long will this ovitrapping be done? 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program What’s inside? Vector Surveillance Prevention and Control 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Vector An arthropod (insects, mites, ticks) that are capable of: acquiring, supporting the development and transmitting a pathogenic agent (bacteria, viruses, parasites) from one host to another host Example: mosquito Aedes sp. transmitting dengue virus 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Vector Control suppression of a target population by using measures to alter the vector reproductive capacity or potential (Vector Genetics Course, 2010, India) 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Dengue Vector Control Application of various anti-DEN mosquito measures to alter the life cycle of the mosquito 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Dengue Vector Control Specific Targets Prevent and cut dengue transmission by: Targeting larval stage through Trapping Larviciding Container management Environmental sanitation 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Dengue Vector Control Specific Targets Prevent and cut dengue transmission by: Targeting adult stage through Adulticiding Space-spraying Aerosol treatment Genetic manipulation of reproductive capacity of mosquito 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Dengue Vector Control Specific Targets Prevent and cut dengue transmission by: Prevention of man-mosquito contact curtains Screening of doors and windows Long pants Repellants 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

Integrated Vector Control Combination of 2 or more vector control activities supplementary to each other towards reduction of dengue incidence 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

Integrated Vector Management utilization of technical and managerial measures to bring about an effective degree of vector suppression to prevent and control transmission 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Components of IVC Vector biology/behavior Surveillance tool (Ovitrap/OL Trap surveillance index) Critical Threshold Density Index (effective degree of vector suppression [Ovitrap index] Control Measures Monitoring and evaluation 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program The Vector 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Vector Biology Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus General characteristics - primary vector - involve in cases of epidemics - urbanized areas - lives indoors - secondary vector - maintains the virus in the environment - rural areas - lives outdoors Breeding habitat - confined to artificial containers indoors - prefers to breed outdoor, in natural containers Resting habits - rests in cool, dark corners of the house - rests outdoors in clearings and vegetations 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Morphology Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus Size - 3-4 mm - same Color - dark brown to black Thorax - lyre-shaped white marks or scales - single white marks Abdomen - with white scales - with white and dark marks Legs - with white marks 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

Vector Characteristics Biting Habits “daybiters” with two peaks of biting time: 1 to 2 hours after sunrise 1 to 2 hours before sunset only female mosquitoes bite because of the requirement of blood for oviposition males do not bite but feed on plant juices and nectar of flowers man is the preferred host but in his absence, lower vertebrates serve as substitute 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

Vector Characteristics Flying Habit do not fly great distances farthest flight distance is within 200 to 400 meters radius from their breeding places Adults found around 50 meters from the breeding sources 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Bionomics at temperatures <10oC and >40oC, no developmental process takes place females mates with male only once Blood meal takes place after 48 hours from emergence and after mating for egg production 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Bionomics oviposition takes place about 2 to 5 days from blood engorgement prefers dark-colored background for oviposition lays egg 3 to 4 times in its lifetime 60 to 100 eggs per batch Survival potential: 20-30 days 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Life Cycle (10-12 days) Eggs: - Black and oval in shape - Laid singly above water surfaces of containers - Without float - Viability: 6 months to 1 year due to the presence of chorion 2 - 3 days  Larva: - Feeding stage - Breeds in clean and non-polluted water - Short and stout siphon with one pair of hair tuft - Rests at an angle to the water surface 6 - 8 days  Pupa -Non-feeding stage -Breeding trumpet is long, slender with narrow opening 1 - 2 days  Adult -Maxillary pulps shorter than probosis -Wings uniformly grayish black -Body and legs are black with distinctive white patches throughout -Thorax has markings 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Surveillance 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Vector Surveillance Collection and interpretation of data which can be used to guide mosquito vector control operations Establish baseline Presence or absence of vector Species? Density? Changes? 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

Dengue Surveillance Tool Classical OVITRAP/LARVITRAP (black tumbler, paddle, water) Modified OVITRAP is the OLTRAP (black container, paddle, water and organic larvicide) 2 adults (females) emerging per day (Malaysian experience) 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

Difference between tools Ovitrap OL Trap Eggs on the paddle - Yes Live larva seen - No Action - Eggs trapped With organic larvicide Value-added None - Additional attractant (kills larva) Risk - with white marks - same Benefit - Breeds Aedes, if uncollected (set and collect) - Breeds Aedes, if uncollected after 7 days (set and collect) Index (CTDI) - Ovitrap index : 10% - OLTrap: 10% 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

Ovitrap Index Total Number of positive traps Total Number of traps planted If OI is >10%, the place is vulnerable to dengue transmission. X 100% 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

Critical Threshold Density Index (CTDI) Actual target for the degree of vector suppression Predictive value for the prevention of dengue transmission 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Remember: A positive trap means there is at least one mosquito laying its eggs in the sampling site (surveillance site) Aim is eliminate this one mosquito laying its eggs 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

What is DOST Mosquito Ovi/Larvicidal (OL) Trap System? Is a system used to control the population of the dengue carrying Aedes mosquitoes. It has three important parts: a black container, a small strip of lawanit measuring 1” x 6.5” for mosquitoes to lay their eggs on, and pellets as larvicide. The OL-Trap’s ovicidal and larvicidal effect prevent the next generation of mosquitoes from reaching adulthood, thus curbing the Aedes mosquito population. Tumbler Paddle Pellets 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program HOW THE OL-TRAP WORKS? The idea is to attract mosquitoes particularly the Aedes aegypti and albopictus (dengue carrier) to lay their eggs on the lawanit paddle. The trap creates optimum conditions for this species to lay its eggs: stagnant, clean, clear water, dark area and damp rough surface. 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program The eggs will either be trapped in the lawanit paddle or find its way into organic solution, where they are killed before transforming into adults. Eggs Larvae 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

Distribution of OL Trap 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

Distribution of OL Trap CLASSROOM 1 OL Trap –indoor and 1 OL Trap-outdoor CLASSROOM 1 OL Trap –indoor and 1 OL Trap-outdoor CLASSROOM 1 OL Trap –indoor and 1 OL Trap-outdoor CLASSROOM 1 OL Trap –indoor and 1 OL Trap-outdoor SCHOOL CLASSROOM 1 OL Trap –indoor and 1 OL Trap-outdoor

Distribution of OL Trap 1 OL Trap indoor 1 Tumbler (Black Container) 1 sachet of pellet per week 1 pc paddle per month 1 OL Trap outdoor 1 Tumbler (Black Container) 1 sachet of pellet per week 1 pc paddle per month CLASSROOM

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Servicing the OL Trap OVITRAPS are installed and serviced every seven days in locations where transmission of dengue is probable nursery schools pre-schools elementary schools Hospitals community with confirmed dengue cases Ovitrap Index = > 10% 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

Before OL Trap Installation Clean-up all possible breeding sites/containers found inside/outside the classrooms – DO SEARCH and DESTROY Artificial containers (man-made) Natural containers 1. Tree Holes, bamboo stumps 2. Leaf axils, fallen leaves 3. Ground Depressions 1. Flower vases and pot plates 2. Pails, water-storage jars, basins 3. Discarded receptacles 4. Choked roof gutters 5. Gully Traps 6. Unused toilet bowls and cisterns 7. Aircon Tray and dish rack tray 8. Concrete drains 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Where to set up the DOST OL-Trap? A. Indoor: Under the sink Corner of the room Under the cabinet Under the bed Inside the comfort room B. Outdoor (covered area): Corner of the classroom Near vegetation Piles of woods/hollow blocks Garden 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Setting the OL Trap Step 1 Fill the plastic tumbler with tap water up to the lined mark just above the DOST logo (~250 ml) 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Setting the OL Trap Step 2 Pour one pack OL pellets into the plastic cup Stir thoroughly to ensure pellets are dissolved 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Setting the OL Trap Step 3 Place the lawanit stick in the solution with the rough surface facing up 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Setting the OL Trap Step 4 Place 1 cup each inside and outside the classroom in a low-lying and dark area If outside, protect from direct sunlight and rainfall Take care not to spill the contents Keep out of reach of children and animals 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Setting the OL Trap Step 5 Collect trap and note for the following on the seventh (one week after installation (every Monday) day Eggs on the paddle Live larva/pupa The presence of even one larvae indicates a positive trap Record in the OL Trap Monitoring Sheet (3 copies) 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Setting the OL Trap Step 6 Repeat steps 1-5 every 7 days Set and collect the traps every Monday Finalize report every Tuesday Note: If collection period falls on a holiday, please collect traps a day before 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Cleaning the Trap Vigorously brush-off into the solution eggs stuck into the lawanit creases Kill the larva/eggs by pouring hot water into the black tumbler Dispose contents properly by pouring contents on dry ground 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

Identifying a POSITIVE/NEGATIVE Trap Presence (+)/ absence (-) of eggs in the paddle Presence (+)/ absence (-) of larvae in the container/tumbler with water 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program An OL Trap is positive or negative if; Paddle Tumbler RESULT Positive (+) = POSITIVE (+) Negative (-) NEGATIVE (-) 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

OL Trap Monitoring Sheet Click here 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

Filling Out of Monitoring Sheet Click Here 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program Prevention / Control 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program School Assemblies 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program School Dengue Brigade 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

Search and Destroy Activities 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

Brigada Iskwela (School Clean-ups) 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

Installation of Long-lasting Insecticide-treated Nets (LLINs) 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

Space-spraying Activities 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program

DOST School-based O/L Trap Program “Dengue prevention and control rests primarily on the people who live in the houses where the problems occur and by the people who help create the mosquito larval habitats by their lifestyles.” 15 April 2017 DOST School-based O/L Trap Program