Kingdom Protist

What is a Protist? all are eukaryotes and are not animals, plants, or fungi There are 3 basic groups: 1) Animal-like protists: heterotrophs 2) Plant-like protists: autotrophs 3) Fungus-like protists: decomposers

Animal-like Protists: All are heterotrophic

1) Zooflagellates Type of Protist: Animal-like Characteristics:  can cause disease or live mutually with organisms like the termite; found in their intestines to break down wood Part used for movement: 1 or more flagella Does it cause disease?  Yes, cause African Sleeping Sickness (Trypanosoma) and can cause Giardiasis, intestine troubles (Giardia)

2) Amoeba Type of Protist: Animal-like Characteristics:  wraps pseudopods (temporary projection of cytoplasm) around food  ingests food through endocytosis Part used for movement: pseudopod Does it cause disease?  Yes, Amoebic Dysentery. caused by eating/drinking where conditions are not sanitary

Food vacuole Nucleus Contractile vacuole Pseudopods Section 20-2 Figure 20-4 An Amoeba Go to Section:

3) Paramecium Type of Protist: Animal-like Characteristics:  sweeps food into mouth using cilia (tiny hair-like structures) Part used for movement: cilia Does it cause disease? No

Anal pore Gullet Oral groove Trichocysts Lysosomes Food vacuoles Contractile vacuole Micronucleus Macronucleus Cilia Section 20-2 Figure 20-5 A Ciliate Go to Section:

4) Sporozoans Type of Protist: Animal-like Characteristics:  parasitic and requires a host Part used for movement: they don’t move Does it cause disease?  Yes, Malaria in humans which kills 2-4 million people a year

Plasmodium undergoes several stages of development in mosquito’s body Section 20-2 Figure 20-7 The Life Cycle of Plasmodium Mosquito bites human, injecting saliva that contains Plasmodium sporozoites Plasmodium sporozoites Sporozoites infect liver cells Liver Infected liver cells burst, releasing Plasmodium cells that infect red blood cells Plasmodium cells Red blood cells Infected red blood cells burst, releasing Plasmodium cells; some can infect other red blood cells, and others can infect mosquitoes Anopheles mosquito bites infected human and picks up Plasmodium cells Go to Section:

Plant-like Protists: any photosynthetic protist produce a large amount of the world oxygen the pigments each protist uses helps us classify it

1) Euglena Type of Protist: Plant-like Characteristics:  uses a red-eye spot that sense light  are mainly autotrophic, but can be heterotrophs  contain chlorophyll but no cell wall Part used for movement: 2 flagella Does it cause disease? No

Gullet Chloroplast Nucleus EyespotFlagella Section 20-3 Euglena Carbohydrate storage bodies Pellicle Contractile vacuole Go to Section:

2) Diatoms Type of Protist: Plant-like Characteristics:  Fragile glass-like cell walls  Among the most abundant organisms on Earth  Used to make toothpastes and scouring cleansers Part used for movement: no specialized parts, just floats with the water Does it cause disease? No

3) Dinoflagellates Type of Protist: Plant-like Characteristics:  Thick cell walls  Some are luminescent: give off light  Red tide, occurs when dinoflagellates release a toxin into the water at certain times of year, this kills off ocean life and poses a health risk Part used for movement: 2 flagella that cause it to spin Does it cause disease? No

4) Red Algae Type of Protist: Plant-like Characteristics:  Contain red pigments Part used for movement: don’t move Does it cause disease? No

5) Brown Algae Type of Protist: Plant-like Characteristics:  contains brown pigments  largest and most complex of all algae  kelp, important food source Part used for movement: don’t move Does it cause disease? No

6) Green Algae Type of Protist: Plant-like Characteristics:  Considered to be the ancestors of plants Part used for movement: don’t move Does it cause disease? No

Fungus-like Protists: heterotrophs (decomposers) that absorb nutrients from dead or decaying matter and can also be parasitic reproduce using spores (reproductive cells that are resistant to harsh environments) Includes slime molds, and water molds Scientists think the Irish potato famine of late 1800’s was possibly caused by water mold