zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, Impact and Efficacy of Aerial ULV Application of Permanone Research Report

zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, Objectives:  Measure permethrin residue ground deposition  Determine permethrin airborne concentration  Assess non-target impact using mosquito fish bioassay  Evaluate control efficacy against adult mosquitoes through bioassay  Correlate residue and bioassay

zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, Materials and Methods  Study Site: Panama City Beach  12 stations (9 treatments and 3 controls)  The 9 treatment stations include 6 open sites and 3 in woodland area  Beach MCD’s helicopter (Helo N91336) equipped with WingmanTM GX and AIMMS-20 (Adapco) was used for the Aerial ULV spray at 150ft attitude.  Residue sample collections: yarn, water and filter paper  Permethrin Analysis -GC with ECD detector

zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, Materials and Methods  Bioassay: caged mosquitoes (+50 female mosquitoes / cage) (Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus) 12-hrs post-treatment  Bioassay: caged mosquito fish (Gambusia holbrooki) in plastic pans (10/pan). The acute toxicity was checked 1 hr after the spray and the chronic toxicity was assessed daily for 5 days in the same plastic pan (108-hrs post- treatment --worst case scenario)

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zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, Result (1) Permethrin Residue on Filter Paper ( µg/m 2 ) and (Fish Mortality) Permethrin (ug/m2)on Filter Paperand Fish Mortality Stations6/1/066/20/066/27/067/18/068/9/ (10%)80.64 (20%)89.39 (20%) (30%)44.43 (40%) (10%) (10%) 487 (10%) (50%) (10%)104.18(10%) (30%) (20%) (10%) (40%)43.3(10%) (30%) (10%) (20%) ND ND(20%)ND ND(10%)ND 11ND ND(20%) 12ND (10%) 1 (water)NA 2.14ug/L4.36ug/L NA

zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, Result (2) Permethrin Residue on Yarn ( µg/yarn) and (%Mosquito Mortality ) Permethrin (ug/yarn)on Yarn andMosquito Mortality50 female/cage Stations6/1/066/20/066/27/067/18/068/9/ (80%)20.58 (81%)38.74 (81%)21.60 (53%)17.17 (71%) (44%) 13.07(16%)4.1 (16%) 8.55 (28%)3.09 (4%) (24%) 3.21 (35%)27.53 (35%) (52%)41.15 (53%) (100%) (67%)17.51 (67%) 5.62 (9%)7.72 (37%) 5170 (100%) 26 (59%)61.86 (59%) 7.47 (6%)23.27 (36%) (98%) 45.3 (74%)62.07 (74%) 9.36 (12%)24.27 (74%) (7%) 2.27 (11%)1.45 (11%) (0%)7.94 (39%) (27%) 4.23 (2%)4.74 (2%) 3.55 (0%)5.26 (23%) (26%) 3.27 (8%)2.98 (8%) 3.00 (0%)6.08 (7%) 10ND (4%) ND (0%)ND (7%) 11ND (2%) ND (12%) ND (2%)ND (4%) 12ND (4%) ND (10%) ND (0%)ND (9%) 13NA (3%) NA (0%) NA (2%)

zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, Discussion Permethrin Residue  Low level permethrin residue (2.14 ppb and 4.36 ppb) was detected in water samples from the fish tank from two separate spray events (6/27/2006 and 7/18/2006) and both samples collected from site 1  The highest permethrin deposition on filter paper was on site 9 (151µg/m 2 ). That matched up to low residue on yarn (6.0 µg/yarn) indicating it may have the large droplets fall out. In fact that many of higher ground deposition (>90 µg/m 2 ) did not have good mosquito control efficacy  The range of ground deposition was about 37 – 151 µg/m 2  The highest permethrin residue found on yarn was 170 µg/m 2 and the range was 3 – 170 µg/m 2  With few exceptions, the residue on yarn reached >40 µg/yarn, the control efficacy was greatly improved.

zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, Discussion (2) fish and mosquito assay  PPB level permethrin residue was detected in tank water samples from two separate spray events on site 1 did not cause fish mortality at higher concentration (4.36 ppb).  There were no indication of acute toxic effect permethrin on fish from field bioassay even with the highest ground deposition (151 µg/m 2 ).  Various fish mortality found during each trial and the reason is unknown or appears not correlated with permethrin concentration  We suspect the stressed fish were picked for the assay in trial 2 and 3 as the control fish mortality increasing. The fact of fish reservoir lost screen enclosure as a result from storm.  Only six stations in three spray evens reached >80% mosquito mortality. The low control efficacy in general a concern and the reasons need to be further investigated.

zhongFCCMC Meeting Oct 24, Acknowledgements The following personnel contributed to this project:  Florida A&M University C. Brock, T. Quimet, T. Lian, R. Aarons, N. Sickerman, - participation K. Shaffer and J. Petersen –Provide mosquito pupae J. Smith, E. Cope and J. Walsh – Provide mosquito rearing room  Beach Mosquito Control Districts E. Hunter, J. Shehee, Skip, Lee, and Cindy - participation  Florida Department of Agricultural and Consumer Services Max Feken, James Clauson -participation  Bayer Environmental Science Peter Connelly -participation, Jing Zhai (consultant)  Adapco, Bill Reynolds –computer model and spray tech.  Lee County Mosquito Control District J. Hornby –droplets analysis

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