Protist

Section Objectives: Identify the characteristics of Kingdom Protista. Compare and contrast the four groups of protozoans.

Kingdom Protista Contains the most diverse organism of all the kingdoms. May be unicellular or multicellular Microscopic or very large Heterotrophic or autotrophic

Protista If it ain’t an animal If it ain’t a plant If it ain’t a fungus If eukaryotic Then protist.

Protozoa Animal - like protists that are unicellular, heterotrophs that can move around.

4 Types of Protozoans- Plant like Animal like Fungus like Disease causing

Animal like – classified by method of locomotion Ex: Amoebas Have no cell wall, and form pseudopodia (extension of plasma membrane) to move and feed. Both salt and freshwater amoebas.

Most reproduce asexually ( a single parent produces one or more identical offspring by dividing into two cells).

Amoebas

Amoeba movement Amoeba pseudopodia

Foraminiferan - have shells formed from calcium carbonate, CaCO3 .

Radiolarian - have shells made from silica (SiO2) Fossils from these two protists have helped geologist determine the ages of some rocks and sediments.

Flagellates Consists of protists called Flagellates (which have one or more flagella for movement) Some are parasites. Termites have one of these type that lives in their guts and help them to digest food.

Ciliates Known as ciliates - use cilia (hairlike structure on outside) to help move. Live in aquatic habitats.

Ex: Paramecium

Binary Fission of Paramecium

Paramecium

Paramecium movement Paramecium vacuole

Disease causing protista Most often called sporozoans because they produce spores ( reproductive cell that forms without fertilization and produces a new organism). They are parasites, usually found in the host’s blood or intestines.

Ex: Plasmodium - carried and transmitted by mosquitoes to humans causes malaria. More than 300 million people have malaria. Treated with chloroquine or primaquine.

Life cycle of Plasmodium

Plant like protista - Algae

Algae – classified by color Plant like protist that are autotrophs, using photosynthesis to make their own food. Both unicellular and multicellular.

Phytoplankton Photosynthesizing unicellular protists. Are so numerous that they are one of the major producers of nutrients and oxygen in aquatic ecosystems in the world.

Euglena

Euglena movement

Euglena Carbohydrate storage bodies Chloroplast Gullet Pellicle Contractile vacuole Flagella Eyespot Nucleus

Green Algae

Ex: Volvox

Volvox Volvox Colony

Red algae multicellular , grow in saltwater.

Brown algae - multicellular, grows in cool saltwater.

Dinoflagellata Have 2 flagella, allows them to spin through the water. Unicellular have thick cellulose plates and create red tides.

Dinoflagellata

Dinoflagellate

Diatoms - lack cilia and flagella and have glass like cell walls containing silica. Unicellular Used to make reflective paint on the road.

Diatoms Diatoms Moving

The insect that is responsible for transmitting malaria causing protozoans to humans is the _________________________ Mosquito

________________ is a group of cells that live together in close association. Volvox form these. Colonies

___________________ is a type of reproduction in which a single parent produces offspring identical to itself. Asexual

Euglenoids, diatoms , and dinoflagellates are (multicellular or unicellular)?

A protozoan that moves by lashing one or more of its whiplike parts is a ______________. Flagellates

Malaria is caused by protozoans of the genus __________________. Plasmodium

Many protozoans are classified according to their method of __________________. Movement

fungus like protist slime molds - that contains Plasmodium ( in slime molds , the mass of cytoplasm that contains many diploid nuclei but no cell walls or membranes)

Slime molds - animal like during much of their life cycle because they move about and engulf food.

Slime Mold

Slime Mold

Water molds and downy mildews Most water molds appear as fuzzy, white growths on decaying matter. Resemble some fungi.

____ are animal - like protists that are unicellular, heterotrophs that can move around. Protozoa

What kingdom contains the most diverse organisms? Protista

What is the organism below called? Amoeba

Identify Volvox