Analyzing Human Motion

هدف از یادگیری تجزیه و تحلیل حرکتی 1- اموزش صحیح حرکات 2- اصلاح حرکات The more the marble wastes The more statue grows

Joint Movement Terminology In anatomical position, all body segments are considered to be positioned at zero degrees. – Sagittal Plane Movements – Frontal Plane Movements – Transverse Plane Movements

Looking at this diagram I'd disagree:

Standard Reference Terminology Directional Terms Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral Proximal Distal Superficial Deep

2-5 frontal plane movements

2-6 Sagittal plane movements

2-8 Frontal Plane Movements

2-13 Transverse Plane Movements

2-16 Other Movements

Tools for Measuring Kinematic Quantities Cinematography & Videography – Standard video 30 pictures per second – Higher rates available – Clarity of images – Number of cameras to capture information – Computer-linked equipment – digitizing

Specific Movements Shoulder girdle & shoulder joint – Depression Inferior movement in frontal plane – Elevation Superior movement in frontal plane

Specific Movements Shoulder girdle & shoulder joint – Horizontal abduction Mvmt. Of humerus in transverse plane away from midline – Horizontal adduction Mvmt. Of humerus in transverse plane toward midline

Specific Movements Shoulder girdle and shoulder joint – Protraction In horizontal plane – Retraction In horizontal plane – Downward rotation (scapula) In frontal plane – Upward rotation (scapula) In frontal plane

Muscle Terminology Origin – Usually refers to the proximal, more fixed attachment point Insertion – Usually refers to the distal, more moveable attachment point

Types of Muscular Contraction Isometric – “Iso”=same, “metric”=length – No change in length, but force developed is equal to resistance Example: arm wrasslin’, flexin’

Types of Muscular Contraction Isotonic – “Iso”=same, “tonic”=tension – Change in length and force developed may be resistance

Role of Muscles Agonist Antagonist Stabilizer Synergist Neutralizer

Specific Movements Shoulder girdle & shoulder joint – Depression Inferior movement in frontal plane – Elevation Superior movement in frontal plane

Specific Movements Shoulder girdle & shoulder joint – Horizontal abduction Mvmt. Of humerus in transverse plane away from midline – Horizontal adduction Mvmt. Of humerus in transverse plane toward midline

Specific Movements Shoulder girdle and shoulder joint – Protraction In horizontal plane – Retraction In horizontal plane – Downward rotation (scapula) In frontal plane – Upward rotation (scapula) In frontal plane

Muscle Terminology Origin – Usually refers to the proximal, more fixed attachment point Insertion – Usually refers to the distal, more moveable attachment point

Types of Muscular Contraction Isometric – “Iso”=same, “metric”=length – No change in length, but force developed is equal to resistance Example: arm wrasslin’, flexin’

Types of Muscular Contraction Isotonic – “Iso”=same, “tonic”=tension – Change in length and force developed may be resistance

Types of Muscular Contraction Eccentric – Force developed < resistance, therefore movement occurs – Also known as “negative” contraction – Example: defensive lineman who gets pancaked

Role of Muscles Agonist Antagonist Stabilizer Synergist Neutralizer

Barbell Ab Rollout - On Knees Exercise Data Main Muscle Worked: Abdominals Other Muscles Worked: Lower Back, Shoulders Equipment: Barbell Mechanics Type: Compound

Ab Crunch Machine Exercise Data Main Muscle Worked: Abdominals Other Muscles Worked: None Equipment: Machine Mechanics Type: Isolation

Naming Skeletal Muscles Number of origins – e.g., biceps (two origins) and triceps (three origins) Location of attachments – named according to point of origin or insertion Action – e.g., flexor or extensor, as in the names of muscles that flex or extend, respectively

Types of Bones Long – Ex.- Femur Short – Ex.- calcaneus Flat – Ex.- Scapula Biet tin gi chua, vao day coi di

Arrangement of Fascicles Figure 10.1

Bone-Muscle Relationships: Lever Systems Lever – a rigid bar that moves on a fulcrum, or fixed point Effort – force applied to a lever Load – resistance moved by the effort

Lever Systems: Classes First class – the fulcrum is between the load and the effort Second class – the load is between the fulcrum and the effort Third class – the effort is applied between the fulcrum and the load

Bone-Muscle Relationships: Lever Systems Figure 10.2a

Lever Systems: First Class Figure 10.3a

Lever Systems: Second Class Figure 10.3b

Lever Systems: Third Class Figure 10.3c

Bone-Muscle Relationships: Lever Systems Figure 10.2b

Major Skeletal Muscles: Anterior View The 40 superficial muscles here are divided into 10 regional areas of the body Figure 10.4b

Major Skeletal Muscles: Posterior View The 27 superficial muscles here are divided into seven regional areas of the body Figure 10.5b

Major Skeletal Muscles: Posterior View The 27 superficial muscles here are divided into seven regional areas of the body Figure 10.5b

حداکثر قدرت در چه زاویه ای قرار دارد؟ 1- حداکثر امتیاز فیزیولوژیکی 2- حداکثر امتیاز اناتومیکی