Chapter 5 William Penn Starts His New Colony

I. Europe in 1680’s A.Only Kings and Queens ruled the countries in Europe. 1.There was no religious freedom. 2.People had no say in government. 3.People were told what to think and how to act.

B. William Penn 1. Born in England. 2. Was a member of the Quakers. a.Quakers- a protestant religious group that believed: -all people were equal -everyone had the right to religious freedom -fighting and war were wrong.

II. The New Colony of PA Was Born. How William Penn got the land. 1. The king of England owed W. Penn’s father money and couldn't pay it back at the time. 2. When W. Penn’s father died, the King granted W. Penn the land in North America as a payment.

B. The land was named Pennsylvania. 1.How the name Pennsylvania came about: -Penn- king wanted to name the land in honor of William’s father. -Sylvania- means “woods”. Penn wanted to name the land “the woods”. 2. PA was an area rich in forests, soil and streams. 3. W. Penn named his small area of land, which was a small town with lots of parks, “The city of Brotherly Love”.

C. The Holy Experiment 1.Def- where the specific freedoms that W. Penn planned to provide in the settlers in his new city. (these freedoms were never given to a certain group of people before- it was an experiment to see how things would turn out.) The Holy Experiment 1.Religious freedom without persecution. 2.All people to be treated as equal, not as rich or poor. 3.People have a say in how government works.

D. The Native Americans 1.The Native Americans were already settled in PA. 2.W. Penn treated the Delaware Tribe with fairness and equals. 3.The Delaware Tribe taught the settlers how to fish and grow crops ( corn, beans, squash). 4.Tamanend- was the Delaware Chief. -W. Penn paid the chief for the land that his settlers moved into.

F. William’s Great Laws 1.Great Law- all people were born equal and with freedom of religion. 2.General Assembly- a group of people chosen by the people to make laws. 3.Charter of Privileges- laws passed in 1701 guaranteeing settlers the rights to religious freedom and the right of colonists to suggest laws to England.

G. William’s Return to England 1.William Penn returned to England at the King’s request. 2.He died in 1718 in England. 3.His wife, Hannah, ruled the colony from England after W. Penn died.

III. Many Ethnic and Religious Groups Move to PA. A.Immigrants- people who move from one country to another country. 1.In the 1680’s many early immigrants came from European countries to settle in PA. 2.There was a diversity of religious groups from England, Germany, and Switzerland. -diversity- different racial and ethnic groups. 3. Many people settled in PA because their religious beliefs were not welcome in their homeland. - Prejudice- showing dislike toward someone or some group because of differences.

B. Jobs in PA 1.Many settlers who came to PA were farmers -they cleared forests, used woods for their homes and heat. 2. Philadelphia was a Port City (means next to a river which allows boats/ships to come in and out easily with trading items). -there was lots of trade with England. -jobs: Blacksmiths, shoemakers, storekeepers, and carpenters.

C. Religious Groups in PA. 1.Quakers -a religious group that began the colony in PA with William Penn. -they started PA’s first school and jail. 2. German Quakers -European Quakers who started a town in Germantown. -they followed the Quaker’s beliefs.

3. Moravians -a German religious group that started a town on the Lehigh River. -they lived simple lives. -unmarried men and women lived apart in separate house. -children didn’t live with parents, but in a Day Care House. -there was a separate home for Native Americans who converted over. -they bought and freed African American slaves and let them earn their own money.

4. Church of Brethren -a German religious group that settled in PA. -Brethren-means brother. -they lived simple lives and didn’t believe in war. -they baptized young adults by dunking them into a stream- nicknamed the Dunkards.

5. Seventh Day Baptists -settled near Lancaster in a town named Ephrata Cloister. a.a Cloister- is a place, such as a building, for worship. b.they lived simple, quiet lives in prayer. c.there were separate worship houses for men and women. d.they slept on hard boards and used wood blocks for pillows.

6. The Scotch-Irish a. they originally left Scotland to go to Ireland, but because they were badly treated, they settled in PA. b. they brought the Presbyterian Religion and started many colleges. 7. The Irish a.they brought the Catholic Religion to PA. b.they broke into 2 religious groups: 1.The Irish Catholic. 2.The Irish Protestants- those people who broke away from Catholic religion in Protest.

8. The African American a.Many were free people in America. b.Philadelphia had the largest number of free African Americans. c.They started a church in Philadelphia in d.PA became the first state to pass a law abolishing slavery. - abolish- means to stop or end.

9. The Jewish People a.They arrived from many nations and settled in PA cities because they were treated badly in their own countries for their faith. 10. Indentured Servants a.African Americans and Europeans who couldn’t afford to pay for the trip across the ocean to PA. b.Ship captains paid for their voyage to the colonies. Once there, they were sold to someone for seven years of work. Once they paid off their dept they were free to settle there own land.

-Pennsylvania became a popular place for many nations to settle to, especially as time went on. -the majority of the nations to settle in PA were: England, Ireland, Germany, Poland, Italy and Russia.

11. The Pennsylvania Dutch a. They were the largest group of German and Swiss settlers to come to PA. b. They spoke German -the word “German” is pronounced “Duetsche” in Germany. The English heard them using this term and thought this was were they were from. This is how the PA Dutch got their name. c. They first settled in Lancaster, PA and many still live there today. d. By 1750, half of the PA population was made up of PA Dutch.

c. There are 2 main religious groups of the Pa Dutch. 1.The Mennonites -followed the teaching of Menno Simmons. -known for colorful designs on their barns called Hex Signs. -to put a “hex” on someone is to wish them bad luck -live life like most of us do.

Hex Sign.

2. The Older Order Amish/Team Mennonite -was formed by Jakob Amman, who left the Mennonites while in Switzerland to form his own religious group. -live a simple life -most are dairy farmers -believe the outside world is wicked and evil. -do not have modern appliances or drive cars. -wear plain dark clothes (purple, blue, black). -no church- mass is held in a member’s home.

Amish Customs: 1.Shunning- in the Amish Community, not to pay attention to a rule-breaker of the community. 2.Barn raising- when the Amish gather together for the day to build a new barn. - The PA Dutch in Lancaster have become a huge tourist attraction to many people in the outside world.

Amish