Middle & Southern Colonies Section 4 Chapter 2

English Civil War The fall of New Amsterdam and the founding of New York in 1664 marked a new wave of English Colonization. For more than 20 years the battle between the Puritans and the English King finally led to war.

English Civil War – starts in 1642 King Charles I – sent troops to arrest several Puritan leaders in English Parliament. Response by Puritans Organizing own army 1646 Parliament defeated King Charles, capturing him and eventually putting him to death. Oliver Cromwell gave himself the title “Lord Protector of England.”

Colonies Choose Sides Support King or Parliament? Virginia – Gov & House of Burgesses Supported King until 1652 – forced to change sides Parliament sent a fleet to make them change sides.

Maryland’s Own Civil War…kind of Supported the King Protestants rebel in 1644 Lord Baltimore appoints Protestant Governor Introduced Maryland Toleration Act – 1659 Religious toleration to all Christians in Maryland Provide protection of Catholic minority

Colonization Resumes After 20 years of turmoil Looking for stability Oliver Cromwell dies King Charles II takes the throne Restoration occurs English Government takes lead in promoting Colonization.

King interested in areas of expansion New Netherland becomes New York 1664 King Charles decided to seize Granted all land from Delaware Bay to the Connecticut River to his brother James, the Duke of York. Four warships sent to seize the land from Dutch New York named Land granted to 2 advisers Sir George Carteret Lord John Berkeley Attracted Settlers Generous land grants Religious Freedom Right to elective Legislative assembles Many Puritans head to New Jersey

Admiral William Penn Close friend to the King – loaned ships to King but died before he was repaid. Son – also name William Penn inherited estate 1680 – Petitioned King for land between New York and Maryland to settle debt. King hesitant – Penn was a Quaker

Quakers Everyone has their own “inner light” from God. No need for Church or Ministers Bible less authority Advocated Pacifism – (non-violence) Persecuted in every almost colony Would have never received their own colony without William Penn

Holy Experiment William Penn and other wealthy Quakers bought New Jersey (land from Berkeley and Carteret). Penn asked King Charles for land Pennsylvania named (named after his father – land of political and religious freedom – The Holy Experiment Also felt Native Americans had been treated unjustly and resolved to win friendship

Treaty of Shackamaxon Lenni Lanape – (Native American Group) ceded land to the colonists. Began 70 years of peace between Europeans and Native Americans Capital – Philadelphia built – “the city of brotherly love”. Constitution prepared – “frame of government” Allowed anyone who owned land or paid taxes to vote. Confused settlers New Charter designed – appointed governor, owners of 50 acres + faith in Jesus gave voting rights.

Pennsylvania Continued Non-Christians had rights to practice their religion without interference. Land was readily available. Many Germans and Scots-Irish migrated here as well. Over 7000 people Philadelphia Rivaled Boston and New York as a center for trade and commerce.

Delaware Purchased by Penn - 1682 3 Counties south of Pennsylvania Purchased from Duke of York

Carolina Land South of Virginia King Charles granted land to eight friends and political allies. Land named Carolina – Latin version of “Charles”

North Carolina Mostly settlers / farmers drifting from Virginia in the 1650’s No good coastlines and harbors making ships difficult to reach. Grew slowly – eventually began growing tobacco. Exported naval supplies such as tar, pitch and turpentine

South Carolina Proprietors interested in Southern part of the colony Sugarcane- suitable for growing, so they thought originally, did not work out. Charles Town became the capital named after King Charles – now known as Charleston

South Carolina Exported deerskin Began capturing Native Americans and shipping them to the Caribbean as enslaved workers, where the demand for them was high

Georgia A place where the poor could start over. A strategic buffer between the English and the Spanish Florida King George II granted James Oglethorpe and 19 trustees the land and settlement began at the mouth of the Savannah River in 1733.

Georgia Originally Banned Limited Attracted Settlers from all over. Slavery Rum Brandy Changed 1740 Limited Land grants to 500 acres Attracted Settlers from all over. Scots Germans Italians Swiss Elected Assembly 1750 Royal Colony 1751