The Northern Colonies Chapter 2, Section 3

Puritans and Separatists Puritans – wanted to “purify” the church by making further reforms or changes to the church Separatists – wanted complete separation from the Church of England because there were still traces of Catholicism in the religion In England, Separatists and Puritans were fined or put in prison for worshiping in a different way than the Church of England

Founding Plymouth Colony Pilgrims came over on the Mayflower in 1620 William Bradford headed the group The Virginia Company funded the expedition 1691 - became a part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Massachusetts Bay Colony Massachusetts Bay Company was started to make a profit and create a refugee for Puritans John Winthrop led the new colony Massachusetts Bay Colony was started in 1630 Success of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay inspired the Great Migration – 20,000 English men and women came to New England between 1620 and 1643

Witchcraft Trials in Salem Salem was a part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Several girls showed strange behavior and claimed to have been bewitched Forced confessions of witchcraft caused hysteria in the town Hundreds of people were arrested, nineteen people were executed, others died in jail The scare soon passed and people were released from jail

Connecticut Colony Started by Thomas Hooker Left the Massachusetts Bay Colony because he believed in the separation of church and state 1639 – Thomas Hooker and the Connecticut Colony adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut It was the first written constitution in America Gave voting rights to all free men, not just church members

Rhode Island Colony Started by Roger Williams He believed in religious tolerance and left the Massachusetts Bay Colony to pursue Government and church were separate People of all faiths, including Jews were accepted

New Hampshire Colony Anne Hutchinson was outspoken about her different religious beliefs and was eventually imprisoned, tried, and banned from the Massachusetts Bay Colony She left and went to Rhode Island Her brother-in-law started a settlement in what is now New Hampshire in 1638 It was a royal colony and was the last of the New England colonies to be created

New England Education and Public Schools Public school systems started in New England because Puritans wanted their children to be able to read the Bible and learn a skill Laws were passed to set up elementary and grammar schools Girls learned reading, writing, and math in a woman’s home Boys had more opportunities for education including colleges in the 1700s

Colonial Government Some colonies were ruled by individuals and some by joint-stock companies, but many were eventually ruled solely by the King Town meetings were where democracy was seen Only church members and property owners were allowed to vote

Relations with Native Americans English settlements expanded and colonists came into contact with Natives Pequot War – conflict in Connecticut over land and trade The war almost wiped out the Pequot Natives King Philip’s War – Wampanoag leader led attacks that destroyed colonial towns and the colonists burned villages and crops in return The war ended up almost wiping out the Wampanoags and gave the white settlers more land

The Middle and Southern Colonies Chapter 2, Section 4

Proprietary Colonies England owed money to individuals who lent it to the monarchy To repay them, King Charles II gave land to them in the Americas These colonies were called proprietary colonies Those who owned the land ruled the colony New York, New Jersey, Carolina, and Pennsylvania became proprietary colonies

New York Colony King Charles II gave the land to James, the Duke of York (hence the name New York) English, Dutch, Scandinavians, Germans, French, Native Americans, and enslaved Africans lived in New York Religious tolerance was allowed The fur trade was a major money maker for people in New York

New Jersey Colony James, the Duke of York, gave land to Sir George Carteret and Sir John Berkley They named the land New Jersey after Carteret’s home Berkley ended up selling his portion of the land to English Quakers, which became Pennsylvania and Delaware

Pennsylvania Colony The Quakers settled Pennsylvania under William Penn Believed in the equality of all men and women Did not believe in social classes or war Allowed religious tolerance Penn recognized Native American’s right to land

Delaware Colony First settled by the Swedes, then the Dutch, and later the English Penn wanted access to water so he persuaded the Duke of York to give him land near the Delaware River and bay This land became Delaware It was a major trade route

Maryland Colony Lord Baltimore founded the colony as a haven for Catholics and for personal wealth More Protestants than Catholics ended up settling there and clashes were common Toleration Act was passed that protected the right of all Christians to practice their religion

The Carolinas Representative assembly and religious toleration to attract settlers Southern Carolina: port city of Charleston, prosperous estates, large plantations for rice and indigo, dependent on slave labor Northern Carolina: small farmers, little to no slave labor Eventually became to separate colonies, North Carolina and South Carolina

Georgia Made to be a “buffer zone” between Spanish Florida and the colonies James Oglethorpe settled the colony as a place for debtors English prisons had terrible conditions and honest people were thrown in there because they couldn’t pay their debts

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