Chapter 1 Section 3 Notes

Civilization Overview CASE STUDY: Ur in Sumer 3 • civilization PATTERNS OF CHANGE CASE STUDY: Ur in Sumer TERMS & NAMES Overview • civilization • specialization • artisan • institution • scribe • cuneiform • Bronze Age • barter • ziggurat MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Prospering agricultural villages, food surpluses, and new technology led to the rise of civilizations. Contemporary civilizations share the same character-istics typical of ancient civilizations.

I. Villages Grow into Cities

A. Agriculture, domestication of animals, new tools, and ways to control environment allowed larger communities to grow

B. Economic Changes

1. Irrigation projects

2. Different jobs

3. Led to more products

4. Invention of wheel and sail enabled trade

C. Social Changes

1. Economy affected social structure

2. Importance of job

3. Religion became important job

II. What is Civilization

A. 5 Characteristics of Civilization

Civilization 3 CASE STUDY: Ur in Sumer 3 HOME 3 Civilization PATTERNS OF CHANGE CASE STUDY: Ur in Sumer Section 3 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the five characteristics of civilization and give an example from Ur. Example from Ur Characteristics of Civilization 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Advanced Cities Ur’s population of about 30,000 people Specialized Workers Traders, artisans, and scribes Complex Institutions Religion under the authority of priests Record Keeping Cuneiform tablets Advanced Technology Irrigation systems continued . . .

1. Advanced Cities

a. A city is a center of trade for a large area

2. Specialized Workers

a. Traders, government officials, priests, and artisans

3. Complex Institutions

a. Government is a system of ruling

b. Religion

1. Sumerians believed the city belonged to gods

SITE OF SUMMER

4. Record Keeping

Sumerian Scribe                                                                  

a. Government needed to keep up with tax collection

b. Merchants needed to keep up with accounts

                                                                                            The wedge-shaped symbols of cuneiform are visible in this close-up of a clay tablet. c. Scribes or professional record keepers invented a system of writing called cuneiform

1. Cuneiform means wedge shaped

Cuneiform Writing

2. Clay tablets written on with a stylus

Cuneiform Clay Tablet

3. Date, City

4. Sumerians

Sumerian Statuettes, from the Temple of Abu, Tel Asmar, c Sumerian Statuettes, from the Temple of Abu, Tel Asmar, c. 2700 - 2600 B.C., Iraq Museum, Baghdad and Oriental Institute, Universityof Chicago.

Sumerian Bull Harp                            

5. Advanced Technology

a. The harness for oxen Sumerians

b. Irrigation systems

c. Pottery

d. By 2500 B.C. Sumerians were making bronze spears

III. Civilization Emerges in Ur

A. Ur was located on the lower Euphrates River

B. Some 30,000 people lived there

C. English archaeologist Leonard Wooley is credited for finding the site

D. An Agricultural Economy was located there

1. Mud brick walls

2. Ox driven plows

E. Glimpse of City Life

1. One story box like houses

F. Ur’s Thriving Trade

1. Bazaar was like our flea-markets

2. Shops lined the streets

3. No money used the Barter System

a. Trading goods for goods or services for services

G. The Temple: Center of City Life

1. The Ziggurat “ mountain of god” is the tallest building in the center of the city

Sumerian Ziggurat

2. 100 or more steps to the top

3. At the top was an animal sacrifice alter

1 = A 3 = B 4 = J 2 = H