Colonial Times Chapter 4 and 5

Vocabulary Colonial Times economy Indentured servant slave slavery slave trade goods servicesmerchant apprenticeassembly delegate

petition A written request given to an official

economy A system for producing and delivering goods that people need and want.

indentured servant A person who had their trip to the colony paid for, and in return they would work for that person for a certain period of time (after this time the person was free)

indentured servant A person who had to work to pay off the cost of their trip to the colonies.

slave A person who is owned by another person and is forced to work for that person, often times being mistreated. A slave is not free.

slavery The practice of using slaves as a workforce

slave trade the buying and selling of enslaved people

service a job that helps people

merchant buys and sells goods to make money

goods food, clothing, other supplies

assembly a group of people who make decisions

delegate A person chosen to represent people in the assembly

apprentice works with a more skilled person to learn the skill

manor A manor was a large piece of land owned by one land owner. Other people rented land from the landowner and paid rent in the form of crops.

New York becomes an English Colony England had colonies all along the Atlantic coast in what are now: Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Virginia, and Maryland

England’s colonies in North America were in these present day states Massachusetts Maryland Connecticut Rhode Island Virginia

England claims the colony Charles II, felt that England had a claim to New Netherland because of John Cabot’s voyages He “gave” New Netherland to his brother, James, The Duke of York. The Duke of York, James, sent war ships to New Amsterdam and demanded that the Dutch surrender

Stuyvesant takes a stand At first Peter Stuyvesant didn’t want to surrender People of the colony were not willing to fight the powerful English Navy, they knew they didn’t stand a chance! The signed a petition asking Stuyvesant to surrender

New Netherland becomes New York On September 8 Stuyvesant handed over control of the colony to the English Almost 40 years of Dutch control came to an end English divided the colony into two parts, the smaller part was name New Jersey The larger part was name New York New Amsterdam was renamed New York City

Dutch colonists treated fairly Dutch colonists were allowed to keep their jobs, ownership of their land, and to speak Dutch – their native language As long as the swore loyalty to the King of England they were allowed to carry on with their lives Offered free passage back to the Netherlands if they didn’t want to stay (no one took the offer) Dutch and the English got along well, even shared a church

People settled in New York from all over the world. They came for a variety of reasons.

New York’s economy grows Albany and New York City were major trading centers New Yorkers traded goods like lumber and grain with England and England’s other colonies Ship building also became an important part of the economy. Ship building also resulted in a need for rope makers, linen weavers, and sail makers. Fur trade became less important Whaling – capturing and killing whales for their blubber became a big business.

New Yorkers use natural resources New Yorkers used the natural resources in New York to meet their needs and wants Some goods they made from natural resources were beef, wood, and wheat New Yorkers had more of these goods than they needed so they sold them to merchants Merchants would sell, or trade these goods for money or other goods

England’s 13 colonies By 1733 England had 13 colonies along the eastern shore As the number of colonists grew they took over more and more of the Native American lands This led to more disagreements between the colonists and Native Americans

Reasons people came to the colonies hoping to find land hoping to find work for religious freedom

People came to New York from: Great Britain (England, Scotland, &Wales) France Germany Africa (mostly as slaves)

From many places with many cultures People brought their cultures and traditions with them to the colonies

Examples of cultural contributions Dutch – ice skating Huguenots – built stone houses English - tennis

Slavery in New York When England first took over the colonies there were about 700 Africans living in the colony Some were free, some owned land, some were slaves Over the next 100 years that number jumped to 20,000 mostly due to the slave trade

Slave - work Slaves did many of the same types of jobs other colonists did. However they were not free, and did not get paid for their work. Worked on farms In homes As artisans (carpenter, shoemakers, blacksmiths ect.)

Escaping One way slaves could gain freedom was to escape from their owners. Some slaves used the Underground Railroad Some slaves escaped to Native American lands. May Native Americans welcomed and helped slaves who were trying to escape Escaping was risky and dangerous many were punished harshly if caught.

City Life Colonial New York had two major cities New York City and Albany People had different types of jobs in cities. Artisans (blacksmiths, carpenters, printers, shoe makers ect.) Some merchants opened stores or inns

Colonial Government People from the colonies elected colonists to an assembly Only white men could vote Voters could not choose the governor Governors were selected by the leaders of Britain

Peter Zenger – freedom of press It was against the law to speak out against the government especially if it was printed in a paper Peter Zenger printed true statements about the governor and was arrested when he wouldn’t tell who wrote the articles Zenger and his lawyer felt as long as what was printed was true you should be allowed to speak about the government freely even if it is against the government

Colonial Schools In New Amsterdam children went to school year round this changed when the colony was taken over by the English In the English colony children went to school only for about 3 months a year. Very few boys went to school for more than three years and girls went even less.

Colonial Schools Classes that had once been taught in Dutch were changed to English Schools were not free public schools, each family had to pay the teacher An example of the cost would be six pennies a week for reading, math and writing would be more. Pennies were worth more than they are today but still this was not a lot of money. Teachers usually had to find other jobs. If families couldn’t afford to send their children to school they might have gone to a school run by their church.

Other education Apprentice Many children became apprentices, learning a skill or trade At about age 12 children would move in with an artisan or craftsman he/she would be taught the trade or skill, be given clothing, food and a place to live. In exchange he/she worked for the artisan

Colonial life different from life today…and the same?