Refraction of Light. What is Refraction? Refraction is the bending of light as it travels from one medium to another. Refraction is the bending of light.

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Presentation transcript:

Refraction of Light

What is Refraction? Refraction is the bending of light as it travels from one medium to another. Refraction is the bending of light as it travels from one medium to another.

Refraction In vacuum, light travels with a speed In vacuum, light travels with a speed c = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s In a transparent medium, (ex. water or glass) the speed of light is slower than its speed in vacuum. In a transparent medium, (ex. water or glass) the speed of light is slower than its speed in vacuum. WHY? Ans. interactions between photons WHY? Ans. interactions between photons and molecules of the medium and molecules of the medium

What does this have to do with refraction? The difference in speed causes light rays to bend (refracted ) when traveling across different transparent materials!!! The difference in speed causes light rays to bend (refracted ) when traveling across different transparent materials!!!

Refraction Air Glass Higher speed (lower index of refraction) Lower speed (higher index of refraction) Refracted ray bends towards the normal θiθiθiθi Normal θrθrθrθr

Air Glass Normal Higher speed (lower index of refraction) Lower speed (higher index of refraction) Refraction θiθiθiθi θrθrθrθr Refracted ray bends away from the normal

What is “index of refraction”? The index of refraction ( n) is the ratio of the speed of light ( c) in vacuum to that of the speed ( v) in the medium. The index of refraction ( n) is the ratio of the speed of light ( c) in vacuum to that of the speed ( v) in the medium. n = c/v

Sample Problem What is the speed of light in a diamond if its index of refraction is 2.419? n = c/v n = c = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s v = c/n = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s / ≈ 1.24 x 10 8 m/s

Ok…… so how is knowing about refraction useful?Image NEMO Mmmm..……. Fish and Chips!!! Normal

How can we figure out the angle of our refracted ray? We use Snell’s Law We use Snell’s Law n i (sin θ i ) = n r (sin θ r ) Willebrord van Roijen Snell ( )

Sample Problem A light ray traveling through the air strikes a smooth slab of glass at an angle of 30° to the normal. Find the angle of refraction. Air Glass θiθi Normal θrθr θ i = 30° n i (air) = 1.00 n r (glass) = 1.52 n i (sin θ i ) = n r (sin θ r ) 1.00(sin 30) = 1.52 (sin θ r ) θ r = sinˉ¹ [(1.00 (sin 30)) / 1.52] = 19.2°