Lindsay Grant, Ashley Mah and Gillian Tetlow BIOL 3401

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Presentation transcript:

Behavioural responses of Periplaneta americana to red, blue, green and white light colours Lindsay Grant, Ashley Mah and Gillian Tetlow BIOL 3401 Mount Allison University

The American Cockroach Not endemic to America Natural habitat: Mainly found in dark, damp areas In populated areas they often live in basements Have very quick reflexes

The Compound Eye Sensitive to light levels and specific colours Composed of: Ommatidia An optical system Photoreceptor cells Within the optical system there are variants for nocturnal animals Superimposed eyes or apposition eyes

Sensitive to Wavelengths Walther (1958) Examined the spectral sensitivity and the action potential of the compound eye The peak sensitivity curve occurred in ultraviolet lights Results showed the compound eye has the ability to discriminate colours

Goal of Study Determine if movement is influenced by different light colors Observe general behaviours: Was the cockroach sprinting around the tank or calmly moving? Was there centre line avoidance under certain light colors?

Hypothesis Cockroaches will show the greatest movement and no centre line avoidance in blue and green lighting.

Methods Experimental environment: dark, warm room Experiment conducted in a small rectangular fish tank Transect lines drawn 3x6 with a 2 cm starting space A 40watt spotlight placed above the tank Light conditions: normal white, blue, green, and red

Collecting Data 5 trials for each condition 2 minute acclimation then moved to starting space Observation period of 3 minutes to count peripheral and centre line crossing

Peripheral and Centre Lines Peripheral boxes Center boxes Start Area

Results Peripheral line crossing: Centre line crossing Highest - Green light, 75 lines Lowest - Red light, 41.4 lines Centre line crossing Highest - Green light, 4.8 lines Lowest - Normal white light, 2.4 lines

Figure 1. Mean (±SE) number of peripheral line crossings of cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) in four light conditions (n=5): blue, red, green, and normal white. Lines were drawn 6x3 (L x W) in a boarded rectangular fish tank and observations occurred for 3 minutes following a 2-minute acclimation period.

Figure 2. Mean (±SE) number of centre line crossings of cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) in four light conditions (n=5): blue, red, green, and normal white. Lines were drawn 6x3 (L x W) in a boarded rectangular fish tank and observations occurred for 3 minutes following a 2-minute acclimation period. The centre lines consisted of the middle row.

Blue and Green Light Perceive colour in the blue-green range of the visible light spectrum Walther 1958 True colour vision Blue green light is the same as dark stimulation More line crosses Harker 1955 Circadian rhythms

White and Red Light peripheral line crossings occurred the lest Wiedenmann 1977 red light appears the same as dark light Koehler et al. 1987 gold and red light cause less activity in German cockroaches

Light Exposure Adiyodi 1981 Increase activity unless able to retreat Most intense light at the centre of the tank The cockroaches stayed on the periphery

Future Implications Exhibit more movement in dark light conditions Direct influences of red and white light

References Adiyodi, K. G. 1981. The American Cockroach.1st edn. Netherlands: Springer. Harker, J. E. 1956. Factors controlling the diurnal rhythm of activity of Periplaneta americana L. Journal of Experimental Biology. 33: 224-34. Koehler, P. G., Agee, H. R., Leppla, N. C. and Patterson, R. S. 1987. Spectralsensitivity and behavioral response to light quality in the German cockroach (Dictyoptera blattellidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 80: 820-822.    Walther, J.B. 1958. Charges induced in spectral sensitivity and form of retinal action potential of the cockroach eye by selective adaptation. Journal of Insect Physiology. 2: 142-151. Wiedenmann, G. 1977. Activity peaks in the circadian rhythm of the cockroach(Leucophaea maderae). Journal of interdisciplinary cycle research. 8: 378-383. Image of eye diagram: http://www.gwu.edu/~darwin/BiSc151/Ecdy/Ecdysozoa.html Walther, J. B. 1958. Changes induced in spectral sensitivity and form of retinal action poterntial of the cockroach eye by selection adaptation. Journal of Insect Physiology. 2: 142-151.

Questions?