Lesson Four Pacing

UNIT FOUR: THE GROWTH OF MICHIGAN Lesson Four Manufacturing: Putting Resources to Work in Michigan

The BIG Ideas… About 100 years ago manufacturing became an important activity in Michigan. Michigan had things that were needed for manufacturing such as wood, iron, and the Great Lakes for moving goods and raw materials. Early factories began to make furniture, ships, ship, cereal, stoves, and carriages. Many people moved to cities to work in factories.

List the three economic activities and the natural resources connected to each that we have explored so far in this unit. Farming  fertile soil Lumbering  trees Mining  copper and mining

Analyzing an Artifact What do you think the artifact is? What kind of materials do you think it is made of? How do you think it was made? Source:.

Source:. The town of Dowagiac, Michigan This artifact is a stove that was made in the Round Oak Stove Factory in this town in the late 1800s. Stoves like this burned wood or coal and were used to heat homes. How people heated their homes before this type of stove was invented? Fireplaces were used prior to stoves.

Manufacturing This artifact relates to an economic activity that began to grow in importance in Michigan in the late 1800s - manufacturing. Manufacturing means turning raw materials into finished goods. The natural resources of trees, copper, and iron ore led to the growth of mining and lumbering as economic activities in Michigan. In the middle of the 1800’s, people began to take raw materials like wood and iron and manufacture goods from them.

Your Task: Work together to list goods that could be made from iron and trees. Possible Answers include:  furniture  paper  pencils and doors from trees  pans  nails  stoves  cans  tools from iron and steel

Raw Materials into Finished Goods

raw materials natural resources that are used to make manufactured goods Example: Wood, iron, and copper are raw materials

manufacturing the making of goods in a factory Example: Manufacturing is an important economic activity of Michigan.

Manufactured Goods from Iron Ore Identify the text features used on the sheet which include bullets, bold print, photographs, and captions. These are picture from early products that were made from iron and steel in Michigan. How do you think the Great Lakes might have helped these early factories grow? Ships brought iron to factories and took away finished products.

Manufactured Goods from Iron Ore A kitchen with a Garland Stove The Garland Stove Factory in Detroit Source: Early Photographs. American Memory Collection. 27 July

Manufactured Goods from Iron Ore Iron ore was used in Michigan factories to make products from iron and steel such as cast iron stoves, wheels for railroad cars, ships, and ship engines. Michigan became a world leader in stove manufacturing. Stoves from factories like Garland Stove of Detroit and Round Oak Stove of Dowagiac were used across the United States. In Detroit, Bay City, and Marine City steamboats were manufactured which carried people and goods on the Great Lakes.

Resources Two other kinds of resources in addition to natural resources are required to make manufactured goods like those shown on the sheet. Identify these categories of resources. Manufacturing grew in Michigan because the state had all three types of resources needed to produce finished goods – natural, human, and capital. This was especially true in towns and cities where most of the first factories were located.

capital resources goods that are used to produce more goods and services Example: Factories and tools are capital resources.

human resources workers and their skills Example: Truck drivers, doctors, and teachers are human resources.

natural resources things in nature that people find useful Example: Water, soil, and trees are natural resources.

Manufactured Good from Trees An important social studies and reading skill is being able to identify main ideas and important details. Identify the main idea and three important details of the selection and write them on the chart or on a similar chart on chart paper.

MANUFACTURED GOODS FROM TREES Furniture Michigan trees were used to manufacture furniture in cities like Grand Rapids. By 1890, there were 178 furniture factories in the state of Michigan. Two different furniture industries began. One made furniture for homes. The other made furniture for businesses and places like schools. The school desks made by the Grand Rapids School Furniture Company were found in schools are over the country. These desks were made from Michigan lumber and Michigan iron. School Desk

MANUFACTURED GOODS FROM TREES Paper Products Michigan trees also provided the raw materials to make paper. The city of Kalamazoo became known throughout the country for paper products. The Kalamazoo Paper Company, which began in 1866, was one of the largest companies. It made many different kinds of paper including paper for printing newspapers. Other paper-making factories began in towns near Kalamazoo like Plainwell and Otsego. These factories made office forms, labels, and other paper goods. Paper Products

Identifying Main Ideas and Details Main Idea Details

Identifying Main Ideas and Details Main Idea Details

Identifying Main Ideas and Details Main Idea Details Michigan trees were used to make furniture. Grand Rapids was an important city for furniture making. Furniture was made for homes, businesses, and schools. The Grand Rapids School Furniture company was an important furniture making company

Identifying Main Ideas and Details Main Idea Details Michigan trees were used to make paper products. Kalamazoo was an important city for the making of paper products. The Kalamazoo Paper Company was an important paper making company. Other paper factories began in towns near Kalamazoo.

Manufactured Goods in Michigan Many other goods were manufactured in Michigan. For example, the Upjohn Company in Kalamazoo and Parke, Davis, & Company in Detroit were important in the manufacturing of medicines. In Battle Creek, the manufacturing of breakfast cereal became important.

Other cities and the goods they produced

Different cities often manufactured different products. Why do you think this was true? Note that possible answers include:  Towns were close to different natural resources and people in different towns like Dr. Kellogg came up with different ideas for new products. What economic concept do these differences relate to?  specialization

Teacher Note For a technology activity, have students explore the website Thanks for the Memories located at this address: museums/hismus/special/memory/intro.html. (Note that this interactive website has a clickable map of Michigan counties. When students click on a county they are able to see objects made or used in that county which are now owned by the Michigan Historical Museum.) museums/hismus/special/memory/intro.html

Although shipping was an important factor in the growth of manufacturing, there were drawbacks to shipping. Think of some possible problems with using ships on the Great Lakes to move raw materials and finished goods. The Great Lakes were blocked with ice in the winter and ships were not helpful in moving goods to inland cities. Because of these problems, railroads became increasingly important.

The Importance of Railways in Michigan In the late 1800s, factories needed ways to get raw materials delivered to them and ways to move their finished goods to markets. Railroads helped do both. Railroads also helped move farmers’ products to markets. One of the earliest railroads in Michigan was the Michigan Southern, which started in Monroe and ended in Chicago. The Michigan Central began in Detroit and went through Ann Arbor, Jackson, Battle Creek, and Kalamazoo, and then on to Chicago. Railroad companies built tunnels and car ferries to move railroad cars across or under rivers. In 1891, Grand Trunk finished a tunnel under the St. Clair River between Port Huron and Canada. In 1860, Michigan had only 800 miles of railroad track. By 1900 nearly 11,000 miles of track crossed Michigan.

Analyzing Photographs One Source: The Making of Modern Michigan.

Analyzing Photographs Two Source: Early Photographs. American Memory Collection. 27 December

 What is the most important common feature in both photographs?  What do you think they were made of?  How do you think they were made?  Why do you think carriages were so important long ago?

carriage a vehicle pulled by a horse Example: Carriage making became an important part of manufacturing in Michigan.

Michigan becomes and Important Manufacturer Despite the growth of railroads, horse-drawn wagons and carriages were still the main way people moved. What kinds of resources did it take to build wagons and carriages? These items required a lot of wood and also iron or steel parts. Because Michigan had plenty of these resources, Michigan became an important manufacturer of these vehicles, especially carriages.

Michigan trees provided the lumber needed to manufacture carriages. Most carriages were made in small businesses that had just a few workers. Most of the Michigan carriage industry was located in these cities: Detroit, Flint, Pontiac, Lansing, Kalamazoo, Jackson, and Grand Rapids By the late 1800s, there were over 125 manufacturers of carriages in Michigan. Michigan had become one of the country’s leaders in the industry.

Can you think of possible effects of the growth of manufacturing in Michigan? Towns grew into cities. There were a greater variety of goods available. Transportation continued to be improved because it was needed for manufacturing. Factories began to replace farms. Many people moved from farms to cities to work in factories. People moved to Michigan looking for jobs in factories.

Do you think any of these effects had negative consequences? If so, which ones? Let’s review A River Ran Wild. There is a part on the growth of the paper mill in the town and the subsequent pollution problems. Manufacturing in Michigan led to similar problems of air and water pollution. This is a problem the state continues to face.

economic activities different ways people use resources to make goods and services Example: Farming and mining are economic activities.

specialization when individuals, regions, and countries produce certain kinds of goods or services Example: Specialization results in people producing fewer goods and services than they consume.

minerals natural resources found in the ground such as iron ore Example: Minerals are removed from the ground by mining.

copper a mineral that is used to make things such as pipes for plumbing. Example: For many years Michigan was a world leader in copper mining.

iron ore a mineral that is used to make steel Example: Iron ore is mined in the Upper Peninsula.

Lesson Four Assessment

Causes Michigan had natural resources like trees and iron ore. Michigan had the Great Lakes. Michigan had skilled workers. Products Carriages Furniture Cereal Paper Medicines Ships Stoves Effects Towns grew into cities. Factories began to replace farms. People moved to Michigan to work in the factories. Improvements in transportation were made. Early Manufacturing in Michigan