Nervous and Endocrine System

Vocabulary Gland – an organ that produces and secretes (releases) hormones Gland – an organ that produces and secretes (releases) hormones Hormone – a chemical created by the body that regulates (control) specific body functions Hormone – a chemical created by the body that regulates (control) specific body functions Response – a reaction to a stimulus Response – a reaction to a stimulus Stimulus – a change in the environment that causes you to react Stimulus – a change in the environment that causes you to react

Nervous System: Function: control and regulate all __________ activities Function: control and regulate all __________ activities Allows you to __________ (response) to a __________(change in the environment) Allows you to __________ (response) to a __________(change in the environment) Body Respond Stimulus Stimulus: Smell of Food Response: Cat jump on the stove Stimulus: Hot stove Response: Cat screams and jumps off the stove

Organs: A. Brain 1. receives and ______________ messages 2. Sends out ____________ messages 3. Three areas a) Cerebrum a) Cerebrum i. Divided into two halves (______________) i. Divided into two halves (______________) ii. Largest part of the brain ii. Largest part of the brain iii. Controls ______________ muscles iii. Controls ______________ muscles iv. Allows you to think, remember and speak iv. Allows you to think, remember and speak b) Cerebellum b) Cerebellum i. Allows for smooth body _______________ i. Allows for smooth body _______________ ii. Controls ____________ and posture ii. Controls ____________ and posture c) Brain Stem c) Brain Stem i. Medulla Oblongata i. Medulla Oblongata ii. Controls _______________ processes ii. Controls _______________ processes ex. Breathing and heart rate ex. Breathing and heart rate Interprets Response Hemispheres Voluntary Movements Balance Automatic

Organs:

Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System – nerves from the spinal cord throughout the body

Organs: B. Spinal Cord: sends messages between the __________ and the body C. Nerves 1. ____________ messages (nerve impulse) 2. Messages always travel from ___________ to ________________ 3. Messages travel in the form of chemical and ______________ signals 4. _____________ is the space between two neurons 5. Messages travel across the synapse by _____________(chemicals released from the axon terminal to trigger the nerve impulse on the next neuron) Brain Carries Dendrite Axon Terminal Electrical Synapse Neurotransmitter

Dendrite Nucleus Axon As the message travels through the neuron it’s an electrical signal As the message crosses the synapse (gap) it’s a chemical signal Axon Terminal Dendrite Neurotransmitter

6. Three types of neurons: A. Sensory neuron: ____________ (stimulus) the message from receptors B. Interneuron: connects sensory to motor neuron C. Motor neuron: receives message (response) and tells effectors (muscles) what to do Receives

Neurons Dendrites – receive the nerve impulse Dendrites – receive the nerve impulse Nucleus – controls all activities of the cell Nucleus – controls all activities of the cell Axon Terminals release neurotransmitters into the synapse Axon Terminals release neurotransmitters into the synapse Nerve impulses travel from the dendrite through the cell to the axon terminal (one direction only) Nerve impulses travel from the dendrite through the cell to the axon terminal (one direction only) Nerve impulses travel through the cell as electrical signals Nerve impulses travel through the cell as electrical signals

Endocrine System: Function: control and regulate the body Parts: A. Glands: organs that produces and secrete _____________ B. Hormones 1. _______________ produced that affects the body 2. Transported by the ________________ system 3. Only affect their target organ Hormones Substances Circulatory

Endocrine System: “Master” Gland Controls the other glands Produces Adrenaline which increases the heart and breathing rates for “Flight or Fight” Response Only found in Males produces Testosterone Produces Insulin to control the blood sugar level Only found in Females produces Estrogen and Progesterone Controls your Metabolism

Negative Feedback Mechanism 1. Controls the levels of hormones in your blood 2. Production of one hormone is controlled by the amount of another hormone in the blood 3. Maintains homoeostasis

Review – Simple Machines Simple Machines make work easier by reducing the amount force needed or the distance that the work is done for Simple Machines make work easier by reducing the amount force needed or the distance that the work is done for Six Types: Six Types: Incline Plane ex. Ramp Screw ex. Screw or jar lid Wedge ex. Ax or knife Pulley ex. Flagpole or clothesline the more pulleys the less force you need Wheel and Axle ex. Bicycle wheel Lever ex. See saw or bat or wheel barrow

Review – Simple Machines Levers – three classes Levers – three classes FRE…123 FRE…123 F- Fulcrum (pivot point) F- Fulcrum (pivot point) R- Resistance (object you want to move) R- Resistance (object you want to move) E- Effort (force you apply) E- Effort (force you apply) 1 st Class the fulcrum in the center ex. See saw or crowbar 1 st Class the fulcrum in the center ex. See saw or crowbar 2 nd class the resistance in the center ex. Wheel barrow 2 nd class the resistance in the center ex. Wheel barrow 3 rd class the effort in the center ex. Shovel or bat 3 rd class the effort in the center ex. Shovel or bat Complex Machine is two or more simple machines used together Complex Machine is two or more simple machines used together